Question 1

In haplodiploid societies, which would be expected to show most cooperation?

Accepted Answer

A)  all-male group 
B)  all-female group 
C)  mixed male and female group 
D)  All of these groups would show equal cooperation. 
A)  all-male group 
B)  all-female group 
C)  mixed male and female group 
D)  All of these groups would show equal cooperation. C

Question 2

What evidence do we have that eusociality appeared to evolve independently, many times?

Accepted Answer

Because eusociality appears in haplodiploid hymenopterans, haploid termites, and mole rats, it seems unlikely that one evolutionary event can explain all eusociality. Also insects and mammals are phylogenetically distant lineages.

Question 3

Why would evolution favour a social structure that relies on dominance hierarchies rather than individual territories?

Accepted Answer

Dominance hierarchies form when there are too many conspecifics to defend a territory from, when resources are available for only short periods, or when benefits of living in groups outweigh the benefits of defending territories.
There are many types of social interactions

Question 4

The sex determination system in hymenopterans such as ants, bees, and wasps is

Accepted Answer

A)  triplodiploid. 
B)  haplodiploid. 
C)  diplohaploid. 
D)  haplotriploid. 
A)  triplodiploid. 
B)  haplodiploid. 
C)  diplohaploid. 
D)  haplotriploid.

Question 5

Which is NOT a characteristic of a eusocial species?

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive dominance by many individuals 
B)  cooperation in nest building and brood care 
C)  several adults living together in a group 
D)  sterile individuals 
A)  reproductive dominance by many individuals 
B)  cooperation in nest building and brood care 
C)  several adults living together in a group 
D)  sterile individuals

Question 6

Topic: living in groups
Difficulty: easy
Which of the following comes closest to constituting a true social group?

Accepted Answer

A)  flies attracted to a dung pat 
B)  cattle attracted to a desert watering hole 
C)  oak seedlings aggregated because they have not dispersed 
D)  goldfinches flocking to feed on seed heads of plants growing in open fields 
A)  flies attracted to a dung pat 
B)  cattle attracted to a desert watering hole 
C)  oak seedlings aggregated because they have not dispersed 
D)  goldfinches flocking to feed on seed heads of plants growing in open fields

Question 7

Fitness that an individual gains by passing on copies of its genes to its offspring is favoured by _____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect 
B)  direct 
C)  natural 
D)  sexual 
A)  indirect 
B)  direct 
C)  natural 
D)  sexual

Question 8

Pack animals such as wolves establish an order that dictates social behaviour. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  territoriality. 
B)  spitefulness. 
C)  a dominance hierarchy. 
D)  a lek. 
A)  territoriality. 
B)  spitefulness. 
C)  a dominance hierarchy. 
D)  a lek.

Question 9

Large groups are particularly vulnerable to epidemics because they

Accepted Answer

A)  have low numbers of resistant individuals. 
B)  can cause pathogens to mutate and become more dangerous. 
C)  can rapidly become infected by a single individual. 
D)  decrease the likelihood of immunity developing. 
A)  have low numbers of resistant individuals. 
B)  can cause pathogens to mutate and become more dangerous. 
C)  can rapidly become infected by a single individual. 
D)  decrease the likelihood of immunity developing.

Question 10

In hymenoptera, there is a strong asymmetry in the genetic relatedness of siblings. What is the coefficient of relatedness between female workers?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 
B)  0.5 
C)  0.75 
D)  0.25 
A)  1.0 
B)  0.5 
C)  0.75 
D)  0.25

Question 11

Based on the coefficient of relatedness, to which of the following relatives would a donor be most likely to provide altruism?

Accepted Answer

A)  parent 
B)  cousin 
C)  half sibling 
D)  full sibling 
A)  parent 
B)  cousin 
C)  half sibling 
D)  full sibling

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a tactic that animals living in groups use to reduce the overall probability of predation?

Accepted Answer

A)  group defence used to protect from predators 
B)  many individuals looking out for predators at any given time 
C)  group attack used against predators 
D)  avoidance of predation by scattering 
A)  group defence used to protect from predators 
B)  many individuals looking out for predators at any given time 
C)  group attack used against predators 
D)  avoidance of predation by scattering

Question 13

Why is altruistic behaviour an evolutionary problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not lead to an increase in direct fitness. 
B)  It does not lead to an increase in indirect fitness. 
C)  It does not lead to an increase in fitness. 
D)  It decreases fitness. 
A)  It does not lead to an increase in direct fitness. 
B)  It does not lead to an increase in indirect fitness. 
C)  It does not lead to an increase in fitness. 
D)  It decreases fitness.

Question 14

C/B describes the ratio of

Accepted Answer

A)  donor benefits to recipient costs. 
B)  donor costs to recipient benefits. 
C)  indirect fitness costs to direct fitness benefits. 
D)  direct fitness costs to indirect fitness benefits. 
A)  donor benefits to recipient costs. 
B)  donor costs to recipient benefits. 
C)  indirect fitness costs to direct fitness benefits. 
D)  direct fitness costs to indirect fitness benefits.

Question 15

Group living _____ individual risk of predation and _____ the predation risk of the group.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases 
A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases

Question 16

Why would an individual in a social group of a diploid species help to rear the young of its siblings rather than reproducing itself? Describe the expected relative importance of direct and indirect fitness benefits and explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

An individual is more likely to help rea

Question 17

The equation C < B × r describes conditions under which a(n) _____ behaviour will _____ in the population.

Accepted Answer

A)  altruistic; increase 
B)  altruistic; decrease 
C)  selfish; increase 
D)  selfish; decrease 
A)  altruistic; increase 
B)  altruistic; decrease 
C)  selfish; increase 
D)  selfish; decrease

Question 18

A social interaction in which both the donor's fitness and the recipient's fitness are increased is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  spitefulness. 
D)  selfishness. 
A)  cooperation. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  spitefulness. 
D)  selfishness.

Question 19

A lek is the location of an aggregation of animals

Accepted Answer

A)  to reduce the rate of predation. 
B)  for hunting. 
C)  for feeding. 
D)  for mating displays. 
A)  to reduce the rate of predation. 
B)  for hunting. 
C)  for feeding. 
D)  for mating displays.

Question 20

Social behaviour in animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  inherited. 
B)  learned. 
C)  random. 
D)  acquired. 
A)  inherited. 
B)  learned. 
C)  random. 
D)  acquired.

Exam 10: Social Behaviours

In haplodiploid societies, which would be expected to show most cooperation?

What evidence do we have that eusociality appeared to evolve independently, many times?

Why would evolution favour a social structure that relies on dominance hierarchies rather than individual territories?

The sex determination system in hymenopterans such as ants, bees, and wasps is

Which is NOT a characteristic of a eusocial species?

Topic: living in groups Difficulty: easy Which of the following comes closest to constituting a true social group?

Fitness that an individual gains by passing on copies of its genes to its offspring is favoured by _____ selection.

Pack animals such as wolves establish an order that dictates social behaviour. This is an example of

Large groups are particularly vulnerable to epidemics because they

In hymenoptera, there is a strong asymmetry in the genetic relatedness of siblings. What is the coefficient of relatedness between female workers?

Based on the coefficient of relatedness, to which of the following relatives would a donor be most likely to provide altruism?

Which of the following is NOT a tactic that animals living in groups use to reduce the overall probability of predation?

Why is altruistic behaviour an evolutionary problem?

C/B describes the ratio of

Group living _____ individual risk of predation and _____ the predation risk of the group.

Why would an individual in a social group of a diploid species help to rear the young of its siblings rather than reproducing itself? Describe the expected relative importance of direct and indirect fitness benefits and explain your answer.

The equation C < B × r describes conditions under which a(n) _____ behaviour will _____ in the population.

A social interaction in which both the donor's fitness and the recipient's fitness are increased is called

A lek is the location of an aggregation of animals

Social behaviour in animals is

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Group living _ individual risk of predation and _ the predation risk of the group.

The equation C < B × r describes conditions under which a(n) _ behaviour will _ in the population.