Exam 4: Adaptations to Variable Environments

Which of the following statements about environmental cues is (are) TRUE? I. Environmental cues are necessary for an organism to evolve adaptive phenotypic plasticity. II. Environmental cues can include smell, sight, and sound. III. Environmental cues are used by animals but not by plants.

Desert tortoises shut down metabolic processes for long periods during very hot and dry summer conditions. What form of dormancy is this?

Over the course of a day, a snake will move from place to place to reach its preferred body temperature. This is an example of

Consider a mouse that can forage in one of two fields. The south field has three times more seeds than the north field. However, an owl (a predator that eats mice) lives at the south field. The mouse forages in the north field despite the fact that it contains less food. This is an example of: a. optimal diet composition. b. diet mixing. c. risk-sensitive foraging. d. central-place foraging.

A fox that catches prey in several fields but brings the prey back to a single den to feed its young is an example of

The phenotypic plasticity that allows a copepod to survive being moved from salt water to fresh water is similar to the phenotypic plasticity of a human moved from low elevation to high elevation because both are

What types of plants and animals are able to reproduce even if they cannot find a mate?

Using an example, describe how the same level of temporal variation in the environment may be perceived differently by different species of animals.

Consider a species of squirrel that eats acorns and maple seeds. Define the diet-mixing hypothesis and describe an experiment that would test whether squirrels eat both acorns and seeds because of the diet-mixing hypothesis. As part of your answer, describe the experimental treatments, the response variable that would be measured, and results that would both support and reject the diet-mixing hypothesis.

Use the following graphs and information to answer questions 13, 14, and 15. This figure shows the tail shape developed by three tadpole genotypes (M, N, and O), when raised in an environment with predators and an environment without predators. In the presence of predators, tadpoles with large tails have high fitness and tadpoles with small tails have low fitness. When predators are not present, tadpoles with large tails have low fitness and tadpoles with small tails have high fitness. -Which genotype(s) exhibit(s) phenotypic plasticity in response to predators?

Torpor is beneficial to animals because

Refer to the nearby figure to answer this question. Describe the phenotypic plasticity of common pond snails in the absence of mates, and explain the costs and benefits of that phenotypic plasticity.

Based on the nearby figure, describe the phenotypic trade-offs of a fish being acclimated to 25°C compared with a fish acclimated to 5°C.

Plants develop trichomes and produce glucosinolates as adaptive phenotypic plasticity to

Environmentally induced changes in an individual's physiology are called

When humans move from low elevations to high elevations, it typically takes one or more weeks for their bodies to improve their ability to carry oxygen. This is an example of

Which lists the correct order from slowest to fastest?

Why are phenotypic trade-offs necessary for adaptive phenotypic plasticity to evolve?

Why is it beneficial for birds and mammals with high surface-area-to-volume ratios to reduce their body temperature for short periods?

Long-duration environmental events usually take place over _____ spatial scale(s).