Exam 7: Evolution and Adaptation

When a parental generation undergoes stabilizing selection, how will the distribution of phenotypes in the population change between the parental generation and their progeny?

Use the following figure to answer questions 46 and 47. -Based on the phylogeny in the figure, which traits are shared by bony fishes and amphibians?

Body size is a heritable trait in the amphipod, an aquatic crustacean. Fish preferentially consume large amphipods, leaving primarily small amphipods to breed. Based on these observations, how would we expect evolution to affect ponds with and without fish?

If climate change were to cause a tree with very dark bark to become common in England, what would we expect to happen to the colour patterns of the peppered moth¸ and why would we expect it to happen?

Why is polyploid speciation useful to humans?

When a phenotype is under disruptive selection, which parts of the phenotypic distribution are expected to have the highest fitness?

Based on the phylogeny of the Galapagos finches, which statement is correct?

Describe how genetic drift and natural selection can play a role in allopatric speciation.

Which is (are) correct about founder effect? I. Founder effect occurs when individuals are transplanted to a new location. II. Founder effect produces new alleles. III. Founder effect reduces genetic variation.

Angiosperms, the flowering plants, are much more diverse than other groups of plants. One reason for this is the evolution of flowers, which increased plant interactions with pollinators and drastically increased speciation rates. This is an example of

Microevolution includes

Two of the genes that affect coat colour in horses are the extension gene and the cream dilution gene. The dominant E allele at the extension gene generates black coats, while the recessive e allele produces red coats. The coat colour caused by the extension gene is not altered if the horse is a homozygote for the C allele at the cream dilution gene. However, if the horse is a homozygote for the C^Cr allele at the cream dilution gene, it will have a white coat regardless of the extension genotype. This interaction between the extension and the cream dilution gene is an example of

The phenomenon by which moths in England evolved from light-coloured forms to dark-coloured forms over several decades is known as

Which of the following is (are) correct? I. Allopatric speciation can occur without geographic barriers. II. Allopatric speciation is the most common form of speciation. III. Allopatric speciation can be facilitated through genetic drift.

When an error in meiosis causes sexually reproducing species to generate zygotes with three or more sets of chromosomes, this is known as

Which of the following is (are) correct? I. Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic barriers. II. Sympatric speciation can occur through polyploidy. III. Sympatric speciation is less common than allopatric speciation.

A process that occurs when genetic variation is lost because of random variation in mating, mortality, fecundity, and inheritance is known as

Consider a situation in which overharvesting causes the number of fish in a population to become drastically smaller, which causes genetic variation in that fish to decrease over a few generations. This is an example of

Which is a prediction of the hypothesis that predation caused industrial melanism?

When an extreme phenotype has higher fitness than an average phenotype in a population, it is an example of