Exam 13: Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Metapopulations

Consider moose that breed in the fall and give birth in the spring. During breeding, the moose population is below carrying capacity, but once the young moose are born, the moose population far exceeds carrying capacity. This is an example of

Which is an example of the rescue effect? I. A small population of birds maintains a stable population size near carrying capacity. II. A population of mice in a low-quality habitat persists because of immigration from high-quality habitats. III. Habitat destruction reduces the quality of an environment and causes a population of lizards to decline every year until they go extinct.

Use the following figure to answers questions 16 to 18: -Which panel illustrates a stable limit cycle?

Consider four populations of island birds. Each island has a different carrying capacity, and the birds are subject to environmental and demographic stochasticity. Which population is LEAST likely to go extinct?

What typically occurs when the number of individuals in a population exceeds the population's carrying capacity?

Based on the figure, which year produced an unusually high number of offspring?

Human activity can affect metapopulations. Under the basic model of metapopulation dynamics, when humans make it easier for individuals to travel between patches, the probability of _____ and the proportion of occupied patches _____.

Many species exhibit population cycles with peaks at regular intervals, such as peaks in population size that occur every 6 years. Explain why it is not likely that environmental variation is the underlying cause of these regular cycles. As part of your explanation, include a description of expected differences between changes in population size due to environmental variation and changes in population size due to density-dependent population regulation.

Use the following figure to answers questions 16 to 18: -Which panel is most likely to indicate a population with a constant environment and no time delays in density dependence?

Grasslands used to be spread across large portions of North America. However, human land use has separated formerly large, continuous grassland into many smaller isolated patches. This is an example of

This figure shows a metapopulation for the California spotted owl. Describe two ways in which this real metapopulation differs from the assumptions of the basic model of metapopulation dynamics, = (1 − e/c).

In the logistic growth model with time delays, the product of rτ indicates

Based on the predictions of metapopulation biology, which scenario can be expected to exhibit the largest fraction of occupied habitat patches?

A herd of 25 caribou was introduced to St. Paul Island in 1911. The line shows the number of caribou on the island. Which describe(s) the entire figure correctly? I. The pattern fits the exponential model of population growth. II. The population experienced an overshoot. III. The population experienced a die-off.

Riverview has 200 individuals, Oak Park has 600 individuals, and Mountainside has 50 individuals. Rank the populations in order from the most likely to go extinct to the least likely. Explain your reasoning.

Under the basic model of metapopulation dynamics, which of the following conditions is necessary to prevent the species from going extinct?

When immigrants supplement a declining subpopulation, they prevent the subpopulation from going extinct. This phenomenon is known as

Which population model incorporates random variation in population growth?

. Which of the following is MOST likely to explain why Daphnia exhibits greater oscillations in population size than Bosmina?