Question 1

Terrestrial primary productivity can be quantified by measuring the uptake and release of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  water vapour. 
C)  nitrate. 
D)  methane. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  water vapour. 
C)  nitrate. 
D)  methane. A

Question 2

Which is the portion of energy that an organism uses to maintain its body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  egested 
D)  respired 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  egested 
D)  respired D

Question 3

The lowest level in marine trophic pyramids is

Accepted Answer

A)  phytoplankton. 
B)  zooplankton. 
C)  pelagic fish. 
D)  periplankton. 
A)  phytoplankton. 
B)  zooplankton. 
C)  pelagic fish. 
D)  periplankton. A

Question 4

Why have nonnative earthworms caused a decline in salamander populations in North America?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earthworms are predators of newly hatched salamanders. 
B)  Earthworms caused reductions in insects that salamanders eat. 
C)  Earthworms disturb soil, which makes it less hospitable to salamanders. 
D)  Earthworms outcompete salamanders for soil nutrients. 
A)  Earthworms are predators of newly hatched salamanders. 
B)  Earthworms caused reductions in insects that salamanders eat. 
C)  Earthworms disturb soil, which makes it less hospitable to salamanders. 
D)  Earthworms outcompete salamanders for soil nutrients.

Question 5

In aquatic ecosystems, trophic pyramids of biomass are inverted because

Accepted Answer

A)  most biomass is found in the producers. 
B)  the standing biomass of algae is lower than the standing biomass of consumers. 
C)  the lifespan of producers is very long compared to that of consumers. 
D)  consumers do not rapidly consume producers. 
A)  most biomass is found in the producers. 
B)  the standing biomass of algae is lower than the standing biomass of consumers. 
C)  the lifespan of producers is very long compared to that of consumers. 
D)  consumers do not rapidly consume producers.

Question 6

What is at the top level of a four-level terrestrial trophic pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  quaternary consumers 
B)  tertiary consumers 
C)  secondary consumers 
D)  producers 
A)  quaternary consumers 
B)  tertiary consumers 
C)  secondary consumers 
D)  producers

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a low-productivity aquatic ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  open ocean 
B)  coral reef 
C)  forest stream 
D)  deep ocean 
A)  open ocean 
B)  coral reef 
C)  forest stream 
D)  deep ocean

Question 8

Energy that an organism uses to add to its biomass is

Accepted Answer

A)  egested. 
B)  respired. 
C)  assimilated. 
D)  secondary. 
A)  egested. 
B)  respired. 
C)  assimilated. 
D)  secondary.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a high-productivity aquatic ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  estuary 
B)  coral reef 
C)  stream 
D)  coastal ocean 
A)  estuary 
B)  coral reef 
C)  stream 
D)  coastal ocean

Question 10

Standing crop is determined by _____ productivity.

Accepted Answer

A)  net primary 
B)  gross primary 
C)  net secondary 
D)  gross secondary 
A)  net primary 
B)  gross primary 
C)  net secondary 
D)  gross secondary

Question 11

Experiments on how soil fertility limits terrestrial NPP demonstrate that _____ constrain(s) NPP.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  nitrogen and phosphorus 
D)  micronutrients 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  nitrogen and phosphorus 
D)  micronutrients

Question 12

The rate at which solar or chemical energy is captured and converted to chemical bonds by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis is called

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary productivity. 
B)  net primary productivity. 
C)  gross primary productivity. 
D)  primary productivity 
A)  secondary productivity. 
B)  net primary productivity. 
C)  gross primary productivity. 
D)  primary productivity

Question 13

Silicon is used primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  zooxanthellae. 
B)  zooplankton. 
C)  diatoms. 
D)  algae. 
A)  zooxanthellae. 
B)  zooplankton. 
C)  diatoms. 
D)  algae.

Question 14

(Figure 20.8) The figure shows that as mean annual temperature increases, net primary productivity also increases. Net primary productivity increases with mean annual precipitation until approximately 3 metres of precipitation, after which productivity declines. Why does this decline occur?

Accepted Answer

After about 3 metres of annual precipita

Question 15

In which ecosystem does leaf litter have the shortest residence time?

Accepted Answer

A)  humid tropical forest 
B)  temperate forest 
C)  dry tropical forest 
D)  boreal forest 
A)  humid tropical forest 
B)  temperate forest 
C)  dry tropical forest 
D)  boreal forest

Question 16

The _____ the residence time, the _____ amount of biomass in the trophic level.

Accepted Answer

A)  shorter 
B)  longer. 
C)  longer 
D)  shorter. 
A)  shorter 
B)  longer. 
C)  longer 
D)  shorter.

Question 17

Which of the following factors is NOT used for quantifying primary productivity over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  the change in consumer biomass 
B)  the change in producer biomass 
C)  the movement of carbon dioxide 
D)  the movement of oxygen 
A)  the change in consumer biomass 
B)  the change in producer biomass 
C)  the movement of carbon dioxide 
D)  the movement of oxygen

Question 18

Net production energy divided by assimilation energy is _____ efficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  consumption 
B)  assimilation 
C)  net assimilation 
D)  net production 
A)  consumption 
B)  assimilation 
C)  net assimilation 
D)  net production

Question 19

Ecological efficiency is also called _____ efficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)  trophic pyramid 
B)  food chain 
C)  assimilation 
D)  net production 
A)  trophic pyramid 
B)  food chain 
C)  assimilation 
D)  net production

Question 20

Aquatic ecosystems can be limited by silicon because

Accepted Answer

A)  there are few silicon organisms in the upper waters. 
B)  many organisms compete for the silicon. 
C)  silicon sinks slower than nitrogen or phosphorus. 
D)  silicon sinks faster than nitrogen or phosphorus. 
A)  there are few silicon organisms in the upper waters. 
B)  many organisms compete for the silicon. 
C)  silicon sinks slower than nitrogen or phosphorus. 
D)  silicon sinks faster than nitrogen or phosphorus.

Exam 20: Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Terrestrial primary productivity can be quantified by measuring the uptake and release of

Which is the portion of energy that an organism uses to maintain its body temperature?

The lowest level in marine trophic pyramids is

Why have nonnative earthworms caused a decline in salamander populations in North America?

In aquatic ecosystems, trophic pyramids of biomass are inverted because

What is at the top level of a four-level terrestrial trophic pyramid?

Which of the following is NOT a low-productivity aquatic ecosystem?

Energy that an organism uses to add to its biomass is

Which of the following is NOT a high-productivity aquatic ecosystem?

Standing crop is determined by _____ productivity.

Experiments on how soil fertility limits terrestrial NPP demonstrate that _____ constrain(s) NPP.

The rate at which solar or chemical energy is captured and converted to chemical bonds by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis is called

Silicon is used primarily by

(Figure 20.8) The figure shows that as mean annual temperature increases, net primary productivity also increases. Net primary productivity increases with mean annual precipitation until approximately 3 metres of precipitation, after which productivity declines. Why does this decline occur?

In which ecosystem does leaf litter have the shortest residence time?

The _____ the residence time, the _____ amount of biomass in the trophic level.

Which of the following factors is NOT used for quantifying primary productivity over time?

Net production energy divided by assimilation energy is _____ efficiency.

Ecological efficiency is also called _____ efficiency.

Aquatic ecosystems can be limited by silicon because

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

The _ the residence time, the _ amount of biomass in the trophic level.