Exam 22: Population Genetics and Evolution

If the frequency of PKU (an autosomal recessive disease)is 1%, what percentage of the population are completely unaffected (homozygous dominant or carrier)?

Which aspect of population genetics can lead to changes in allele frequencies in a new mixed population following migration?

What is the ultimate source of genetic variation in populations?

When examining the effects of forward and reverse mutation rates, what equation is used to calculate the change in the frequency of A₂, or Δq?

What type of statistical analysis is used to compare observed and expected results in order to evaluate the validity of an estimate based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

If the frequency of hemophilia, an X-linked recessive disease, is 10% in males, what is the frequency of females with hemophilia (assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)?

Given the following genetic profile, what is the mean fitness of the population? Genotype A₁A₁ A₁A₂ A₂A₂ Frequency 0.55 0.20 0.25 Number 2750 1000 1250 Relative fitness (w)1.0 0.75 0.50

When looking at the MN blood group with three alleles, how many degrees of freedom will be used to compare observed versus expected results?

The coefficient of inbreeding quantifies the probability that two alleles in a homozygous individual are ________, having descended from the same copy of the allele carried by a common ancestor of the inbred individual.

Which mechanism maintains the biological ability of populations to interbreed and can thus prevent evolutionary divergence of populations?

Which two molecular techniques are used in DNA profiling to generate data included in the FBI's CODIS database?

Explain why rare recessive alleles are more likely to produce a recessive phenotype as a result of inbreeding.

A difference in allelic frequencies that is produced when a new population is established by a few individuals is known as what type of genetic drift?

All Old Order Amish families from Lancaster County with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome can trace their genealogies to Mr. and Mrs. Samuel King, who immigrated to Lancaster County in 1744. This is an example of __________.

Physical separation of a segment of a large population by a physical barrier that prevents gene flow can lead to __________.

Cheetahs exhibit significant inbreeding and loss of heterozygosity due to overhunting and loss of habitat experienced at some point in their evolutionary history. Which genetic mechanism occurs when a large population is substantially reduced at random, acting independently of natural selection?

Using the allele frequencies in the table below, what is the probability that a random person who was heterozygous 12/14 for VAW would also be homozygous 18/18 for FAG? (Assume that the two loci are unlinked.)

If the frequency of PKU, an autosomal recessive disease, is 1% in males, what is the frequency of females with PKU? (You may assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.)

If the genotype frequency in an admixed population is f (A₁)= 0.75, what is the genotypic frequency of heterozygotes in the admixed population?

If the heterozygous genotype is favored (as exhibited by the sickle cell allele in malaria-prone regions), selection results in a ________ in which alleles reach stable equilibrium frequencies that are maintained by the ongoing action of selection against the homozygous genotypes.