Question 1

Which proteins participate in DNA bending and contribute to folding and condensation of the chromosome?

Accepted Answer

small nucl

Question 2

The ability of DNA-binding proteins to initiate transcription can be hindered by the presence of ________ on the promoter regions of the DNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of DNA-binding proteins to initiate...

Question 3

Nucleosome displacement during transcription initiation is referred to as what?

Accepted Answer

chromatin

Question 4

If heterochromatic spreading does not reach the new location of the w+ gene, and so the gene remains in the euchromatic region, what phenotype will the cells have?

Accepted Answer

Question 5

You have isolated DNA from actively replicating cells. Where would you expect to find this DNA on a gel?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA would be highly supercoiled and would be found in the band seen in the positive pole (bottom)of Lane 1. 
B) DNA would be predominantly relaxed and would be found in the band seen in the positive pole (bottom)of Lane 1. 
C) DNA would be highly supercoiled and would be found in the band seen in the negative pole (top)of Lane 1. 
D) DNA would be predominantly relaxed and would be found in the band seen in the negative pole (top)of Lane 1. 
E) DNA would be both relaxed and supercoiled, so it would appear in a pattern similar to Lane 2. 
A) DNA would be highly supercoiled and would be found in the band seen in the positive pole (bottom)of Lane 1. 
B) DNA would be predominantly relaxed and would be found in the band seen in the positive pole (bottom)of Lane 1. 
C) DNA would be highly supercoiled and would be found in the band seen in the negative pole (top)of Lane 1. 
D) DNA would be predominantly relaxed and would be found in the band seen in the negative pole (top)of Lane 1. 
E) DNA would be both relaxed and supercoiled, so it would appear in a pattern similar to Lane 2.

Question 6

Viruses are not cellular; they lack most of the features belonging to a cell. They are particles consisting of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a protein structure with genetic material contained inside 
B) naked genetic material 
C) genetic material surrounded by a protective carbohydrate shell 
D) genetic material associated with additional proteins for viral replication 
E) both A and D 
A) a protein structure with genetic material contained inside 
B) naked genetic material 
C) genetic material surrounded by a protective carbohydrate shell 
D) genetic material associated with additional proteins for viral replication 
E) both A and D

Question 7

Where are bacterial chromosomes located within the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus 
B) nucleoid 
C) nucleolus 
D) cytoplasm 
E) mitochondria 
A) nucleus 
B) nucleoid 
C) nucleolus 
D) cytoplasm 
E) mitochondria

Question 8

Which histone protein is not part of the core nucleosome structure?

Accepted Answer

A) H1 
B) H2A 
C) H2B 
D) H3 
E) H4 
A) H1 
B) H2A 
C) H2B 
D) H3 
E) H4

Question 9

________ are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are not part of the bacterial genome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are...

Question 10

What is meant by the "beads on a string" model of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

A) The beads are the histones, and the string is the transcriptionally active DNA loops. 
B) The beads are the nucleosomes, and the string is the linker DNA. 
C) The beads are molecules of DNA polymerase that attach to the DNA string. 
D) The beads are ribosomes, and the string is the mRNA that has been transcribed from active chromatin. 
E) The beads are the heterochromatic regions that are tightly compacted, and the strings are euchromatic regions that are being actively transcribed. 
A) The beads are the histones, and the string is the transcriptionally active DNA loops. 
B) The beads are the nucleosomes, and the string is the linker DNA. 
C) The beads are molecules of DNA polymerase that attach to the DNA string. 
D) The beads are ribosomes, and the string is the mRNA that has been transcribed from active chromatin. 
E) The beads are the heterochromatic regions that are tightly compacted, and the strings are euchromatic regions that are being actively transcribed.

Question 11

Chromosome condensation compacts the chromosomes so they can be efficiently separated at which phase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chromosome condensation compacts the chromosomes so they...

Question 12

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a typical human somatic cell's karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 22 
C) 23 
D) 44 
E) 46 
A) 0 
B) 22 
C) 23 
D) 44 
E) 46

Question 13

What type of chromosome structure is commonly found in hyperthermophiles?

Accepted Answer

positive s

Question 14

Each nucleus in a human somatic cell contains ________ chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each nucleus in a human somatic cell...

Question 15

The domain Archaea was discovered in the mid-1970s. Despite the recent start to investigations of archaeal species, some general chromosome and genome characteristics are clear. Which of the following similarities have been found between archeae and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) they have no nucleus 
B) they are haploid 
C) a high percentage of the genome encodes proteins 
D) many genes share promoters 
E) all of the above 
A) they have no nucleus 
B) they are haploid 
C) a high percentage of the genome encodes proteins 
D) many genes share promoters 
E) all of the above

Question 16

You have identified a chromosome that has both p and q arms, but notice that the p arms are composed of highly repetitive DNA. What type of chromosome is this?

Accepted Answer

A) metacentric 
B) submetacentric 
C) acrocentric 
D) subacrocentric 
E) telocentric 
A) metacentric 
B) submetacentric 
C) acrocentric 
D) subacrocentric 
E) telocentric

Question 17

What is the function of interchromosomal domains in gene transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) These domains separate chromosome territories and are areas of active transcription. 
B) These domains act as regions for formation of chiasmata during crossing over. 
C) These domains act as gene-rich regions positioned toward the nuclear membrane to maximize gene transcription. 
D) These domains contain no chromatin and act as channels for the movement of proteins, RNAs, and enzymes among the chromosomal territories. 
E) These domains act as the regions of the chromosome recognized during meiosis when homologous chromosomes are matched up and aligned at the metaphase I plate. 
A) These domains separate chromosome territories and are areas of active transcription. 
B) These domains act as regions for formation of chiasmata during crossing over. 
C) These domains act as gene-rich regions positioned toward the nuclear membrane to maximize gene transcription. 
D) These domains contain no chromatin and act as channels for the movement of proteins, RNAs, and enzymes among the chromosomal territories. 
E) These domains act as the regions of the chromosome recognized during meiosis when homologous chromosomes are matched up and aligned at the metaphase I plate.

Question 18

What is the name of the structure formed when the 10 nm fibers of chromatin form a cylindrical filament of coiled nucleosomes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the structure...

Question 19

What technique would you use to detect a target sequence in an intact chromosome using a labeled molecular probe?

Accepted Answer

A) PCR 
B) in situ hybridization 
C) western blotting 
D) Sanger sequencing 
E) karyotyping 
A) PCR 
B) in situ hybridization 
C) western blotting 
D) Sanger sequencing 
E) karyotyping

Question 20

What type of DNA supercoiling is the most common?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of DNA supercoiling is the...

Exam 11: Chromosome Structure

Which proteins participate in DNA bending and contribute to folding and condensation of the chromosome?

The ability of DNA-binding proteins to initiate transcription can be hindered by the presence of ________ on the promoter regions of the DNA.

Nucleosome displacement during transcription initiation is referred to as what?

If heterochromatic spreading does not reach the new location of the w+ gene, and so the gene remains in the euchromatic region, what phenotype will the cells have?

You have isolated DNA from actively replicating cells. Where would you expect to find this DNA on a gel?

Viruses are not cellular; they lack most of the features belonging to a cell. They are particles consisting of __________.

Where are bacterial chromosomes located within the cell?

Which histone protein is not part of the core nucleosome structure?

________ are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are not part of the bacterial genome.

What is meant by the "beads on a string" model of chromatin?

Chromosome condensation compacts the chromosomes so they can be efficiently separated at which phase of mitosis?

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a typical human somatic cell's karyotype?

What type of chromosome structure is commonly found in hyperthermophiles?

Each nucleus in a human somatic cell contains ________ chromosomes.

The domain Archaea was discovered in the mid-1970s. Despite the recent start to investigations of archaeal species, some general chromosome and genome characteristics are clear. Which of the following similarities have been found between archeae and bacteria?

You have identified a chromosome that has both p and q arms, but notice that the p arms are composed of highly repetitive DNA. What type of chromosome is this?

What is the function of interchromosomal domains in gene transcription?

What is the name of the structure formed when the 10 nm fibers of chromatin form a cylindrical filament of coiled nucleosomes?

What technique would you use to detect a target sequence in an intact chromosome using a labeled molecular probe?

What type of DNA supercoiling is the most common?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology

Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

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If heterochromatic spreading does not reach the new location of the w⁺ gene, and so the gene remains in the euchromatic region, what phenotype will the cells have?