Question 1

In E. coli, which protein uses ATP to hydrolyze hydrogen bonds holding complementary strands together?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In E. coli, which protein uses ATP...

Question 2

What are the three steps of each PCR cycle?

Accepted Answer

denaturati

Question 3

What are the regions where DNA-binding proteins can make direct contact with exposed nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

major and

Question 4

What type of experimental technique did Huberman and Riggs use to produce the first evidence of bidirectional replication in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

pulse-chas

Question 5

Based on the following replication bubble, which of these statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) X and Y are leading strands, W and Z are lagging strands 
B) X and Z are leading strands, W and Y are lagging strands 
C) X and W are leading strands, Y and Z are lagging strands 
D) W and Z are leading strands, X and Y are lagging strands 
E) W and Y are leading strands, X and Z are lagging strands 
A) X and Y are leading strands, W and Z are lagging strands 
B) X and Z are leading strands, W and Y are lagging strands 
C) X and W are leading strands, Y and Z are lagging strands 
D) W and Z are leading strands, X and Y are lagging strands 
E) W and Y are leading strands, X and Z are lagging strands

Question 6

What types of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

A) glycosidic bonds 
B) phosphodiester bonds 
C) covalent bonds 
D) hydrogen bonds 
E) ionic bonds 
A) glycosidic bonds 
B) phosphodiester bonds 
C) covalent bonds 
D) hydrogen bonds 
E) ionic bonds

Question 7

What enzyme(s)is/are responsible for removal of RNA primers and joining of Okazaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase I 
B) DNA polymerase III 
C) DNA ligase 
D) DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase 
E) DNA polymerase III and DNA ligase 
A) DNA polymerase I 
B) DNA polymerase III 
C) DNA ligase 
D) DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase 
E) DNA polymerase III and DNA ligase

Question 8

In 1928, Griffith found that injecting which strains of Pneumococcus caused the mouse to die?

Accepted Answer

A) living type RII 
B) heat-killed type SIII 
C) heat-killed type RII 
D) heat-killed type SIII and living type RII 
E) heat-killed type RII and living type RII 
A) living type RII 
B) heat-killed type SIII 
C) heat-killed type RII 
D) heat-killed type SIII and living type RII 
E) heat-killed type RII and living type RII

Question 9

Which enzyme, a combination of several proteins and a molecule of tRNA, acts as the template for the telomere repeat DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which enzyme, a combination of several proteins...

Question 10

What type of bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) glycosidic bond 
B) phosphodiester bond 
C) ester linkage 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) ionic bond 
A) glycosidic bond 
B) phosphodiester bond 
C) ester linkage 
D) hydrogen bond 
E) ionic bond

Question 11

How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?

Accepted Answer

look for h

Question 12

What structure in E. coli delivers primase and accessory proteins to the oriC site to synthesize the primer needed for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What structure in E. coli delivers primase...

Question 13

In their famous experiment, which of the following would Meselson and Stahl have observed after one cycle of replication in 14N medium if DNA replication was conservative?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA molecules containing one strand of 15N-DNA and one strand of 14N-DNA 
B) DNA molecules containing two 15N-DNA strands only 
C) DNA molecules containing two 14N-DNA strands only 
D) An equal number of DNA molecules containing two 15N-DNA strands and DNA molecules containing two 14N-DNA strands. 
E) A mix of DNA molecules corresponding to A and B. 
A) DNA molecules containing one strand of 15N-DNA and one strand of 14N-DNA 
B) DNA molecules containing two 15N-DNA strands only 
C) DNA molecules containing two 14N-DNA strands only 
D) An equal number of DNA molecules containing two 15N-DNA strands and DNA molecules containing two 14N-DNA strands. 
E) A mix of DNA molecules corresponding to A and B.

Question 14

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

deoxyribos

Question 15

A portion of one strand of DNA has the sequence 5′ AATGGCTTA 3′. If this strand is used as a template for DNA replication, which of the following correctly depicts the sequence of the newly synthesized strand in the direction in which it will be synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A) 3′ TTACCGAAT 5′ 
B) 5′ TAAGCCATT 3′ 
C) 3′ AATGGCTTA 5′ 
D) 5′ AATGGCTTA 3′ 
A) 3′ TTACCGAAT 5′ 
B) 5′ TAAGCCATT 3′ 
C) 3′ AATGGCTTA 5′ 
D) 5′ AATGGCTTA 3′

Question 16

Which functional groups have been altered in a ddNTP compared to a dNTP?

Accepted Answer

A) The ddNTPs have a 2′ OH and a 3′ H, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ OH. 
B) The ddNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ OH. 
C) The ddNTPs have a 2′ OH and a 3′ OH, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H. 
D) The ddNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H, while dNTPs have a 2′ OH and a 3′ OH. 
E) The ddNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ OH, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H. 
A) The ddNTPs have a 2′ OH and a 3′ H, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ OH. 
B) The ddNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ OH. 
C) The ddNTPs have a 2′ OH and a 3′ OH, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H. 
D) The ddNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H, while dNTPs have a 2′ OH and a 3′ OH. 
E) The ddNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ OH, while dNTPs have a 2′ H and a 3′ H.

Question 17

The following represents a DNA strand in the process of replication. The bottom sequence is that of the DNA strand with polarity indicated and the top sequence represents the RNA primer. GGGGCCUUU
5′ AAATCCCCGGAAACTAAAC 3′
Which of the following will be the first DNA nucleotide added to the primer?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) G 
C) C 
D) T 
E) U 
A) A 
B) G 
C) C 
D) T 
E) U

Question 18

Which of the following temperature cycles would you expect to see in a standard polymerase chain reaction (from denaturation to annealing to extension)?

Accepted Answer

A) 95° → 72° → 55° 
B) 45° → 72° → 95° 
C) 95° → 55° → 72° 
D) 95° → 72° → 95° 
E) 75° → 95° → 45° 
A) 95° → 72° → 55° 
B) 45° → 72° → 95° 
C) 95° → 55° → 72° 
D) 95° → 72° → 95° 
E) 75° → 95° → 45°

Question 19

If complementary DNA strands were arranged in a parallel manner, what would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A) Complementary nucleotides would be attracted to each other, forming ionic bonds that would make the helix stable but not uniform in width. 
B) Charges of complementary nucleotides would repel and no hydrogen bonds would form. 
C) Complementary nucleotides would line up properly; but fewer hydrogen bonds would form, so the strands could be more easily pulled apart. 
D) Purines would pair with both purines and pyrimidines due to the closer alignment of the parallel strands. 
E) There would be no discernable difference between DNA strands aligned in a parallel versus an antiparallel manner. 
A) Complementary nucleotides would be attracted to each other, forming ionic bonds that would make the helix stable but not uniform in width. 
B) Charges of complementary nucleotides would repel and no hydrogen bonds would form. 
C) Complementary nucleotides would line up properly; but fewer hydrogen bonds would form, so the strands could be more easily pulled apart. 
D) Purines would pair with both purines and pyrimidines due to the closer alignment of the parallel strands. 
E) There would be no discernable difference between DNA strands aligned in a parallel versus an antiparallel manner.

Question 20

What is removed from dNTPs to provide the energy required for DNA polymerase to catalyze DNA strand elongation?

Accepted Answer

two phosph

Exam 7: Dna Structure and Replication

In E. coli, which protein uses ATP to hydrolyze hydrogen bonds holding complementary strands together?

What are the three steps of each PCR cycle?

What are the regions where DNA-binding proteins can make direct contact with exposed nucleotides?

What type of experimental technique did Huberman and Riggs use to produce the first evidence of bidirectional replication in bacteria?

Based on the following replication bubble, which of these statements is true?

What types of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases?

What enzyme(s)is/are responsible for removal of RNA primers and joining of Okazaki fragments?

In 1928, Griffith found that injecting which strains of Pneumococcus caused the mouse to die?

Which enzyme, a combination of several proteins and a molecule of tRNA, acts as the template for the telomere repeat DNA sequence?

What type of bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

How might you choose a region of DNA for a PCR primer so as to increase the temperature necessary for primer annealing (to minimize nonspecific PCR products)?

What structure in E. coli delivers primase and accessory proteins to the oriC site to synthesize the primer needed for DNA replication?

In their famous experiment, which of the following would Meselson and Stahl have observed after one cycle of replication in 14N medium if DNA replication was conservative?

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?

A portion of one strand of DNA has the sequence 5′ AATGGCTTA 3′. If this strand is used as a template for DNA replication, which of the following correctly depicts the sequence of the newly synthesized strand in the direction in which it will be synthesized?

Which functional groups have been altered in a ddNTP compared to a dNTP?

Which of the following temperature cycles would you expect to see in a standard polymerase chain reaction (from denaturation to annealing to extension)?

If complementary DNA strands were arranged in a parallel manner, what would you expect to see?

What is removed from dNTPs to provide the energy required for DNA polymerase to catalyze DNA strand elongation?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology

Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

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In their famous experiment, which of the following would Meselson and Stahl have observed after one cycle of replication in ¹⁴N medium if DNA replication was conservative?