Exam 1: The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

What is the sequence and polarity of the DNA strand complementary to the strand 5'AAATGTCCATGC 3'?

Genetic experiments have revealed the relationship between the observable traits of an organism, or ________, and the genetic constitution of an organism, or ________.

Which enzyme is active in DNA replication?

Describe the evolutionary relationship of lancelets to tunicates and to hagfishes. Are lancelets more closely related to tunicates or to hagfishes, or are they equally related?

Morphological or molecular characters shared by members of a clade are called ______.

When a diploid cell divides by mitosis, the result is __________.

The DNA sequence below encodes the first five amino acids of a large protein. 5' ATGTTAGGATATCAG 3' 3' TACAATCCTATAGTC 5' a. Identify the coding and template strands. b. Write the sequence and polarity of the mRNA transcript produced by this sequence. Where does this process occur in eukaryotes? c. Write the amino acid sequence of the amino acids produced using the three-letter code for amino acids. (See genetic code table in text.)Where does this process occur in eukaryotes?

With the assistance of William Bateson, Archibald Garrod produced the first documented example of a human hereditary disorder. Which disorder were they describing?

There are sixty one different codons that code for amino acids, but only twenty different amino acids, meaning that the genetic code is ________.

DNA strands can be pulled apart by adding heat and "melting" the double-stranded DNA. The temperature required to melt a region of DNA changes based on the base-pair composition. Based on the structure of the A-T and C-G bonds in the accompanying figure, which bonds would require more energy (heat)to break them? How might this help you predict which regions of the DNA helix may be the most stable and harder to break apart?

Watson and Crick used evidence from several studies to determine the structure of DNA. What conclusion were they able to draw from Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction data, specifically?

In double-stranded DNA, the percentages of adenine and thymine are approximately equal to each other, as are the percentages of cytosine and guanine. This relationship is better known as what (named for the person who made this discovery)?

The work of Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri suggested that the hereditary units, or genes, described by Mendel are located on ________.

Sexual reproduction uses __________ to generate _______ gametes, which join at fertilization.

During DNA replication, nascent DNA strands are synthesized in only one direction. Nucleotides are added only to which end of the nascent strand?

Peptidyl transferase and other proteins power the continuous progression of the ribosome along mRNA and catalyze what type of bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain?

The physical units of heredity composed of defined DNA sequences that collectively control gene transcription and contain the information to produce RNA molecules or proteins are better known as what?

Which evolutionary process involves the slow addition of allelic variation that increases the hereditary diversity of populations, ultimately leading to evolutionary change?

In eukaryotes, most of the cells' DNA is found in the form of chromosomes in the nucleus. Which organelles contain their own genomes (descended from ancient endosymbiotic bacteria)?

What type of diagram would you use to depict morphological or molecular similarities and differences that identify evolutionary relationships?