Exam 12: Decision-making Processes

Evidence-based management can be particularly useful for overcoming fear of loss and the problem of escalating commitment.

According to the contingency decision-making framework,_____ means adopting a decision tried elsewhere in the hope that it will work in this situation.

In the first step of the rational approach to decision making,the manager responds to deviations by identifying essential details of the problem: where,when,who was involved,who was affected,and how current activities are influenced.

What is technical knowledge? Using an example,explain why technical knowledge is necessary to make good decisions.

One of the discoveries from Mintzberg's research is that major organizational choices are usually a series of small choices that combine to produce the major decision.

In the garbage can model of decision making,solutions are proposed only when problems exist.

_____ suggests that the threat of a loss has a greater impact on a decision than the possibility of an equivalent gain.

Discuss the consequences of the garbage can decision process for organizational decision making.

List and describe the steps of the rational approach to decision making.

Identify and explain four biases that affect individual decision making.

In _____,experience and judgment rather than sequential logic or explicit reasoning are used to make decisions.

According to organizational decision making,_____ means organizations accept a reasonable rather than a maximum level of performance,enabling them to achieve several goals simultaneously.

The incremental model places major emphasis on political and social factors that influence decision outcomes.

In the selection phase of the decision sequence,the _____ form of selection is used when a final choice falls upon a single decision maker,and the choice involves decision based upon experience.

Nonprogrammed decisions rely less on hard data,and there is less certainty about the outcomes.

The final four steps of the rational approach to decision making constitute the _____ stage of decision making.

Which of the following is true about nonprogrammed decisions?

Which of the following is a characteristic of programmed decisions?

Which of the following statements is true of programmed decisions?

Describe the difference between programmed decisions and nonprogrammed decisions,and provide an example of each.