Exam 16: Regression Models for Nonlinear Relationships

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Typically,the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price.It has been observed,however,that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases.The following Excel output illustrates this rather unusual relationship. Typically,the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price.It has been observed,however,that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases.The following Excel output illustrates this rather unusual relationship.   Using the cubic regression equation,predict the sales if the luxury good is priced at $100. Using the cubic regression equation,predict the sales if the luxury good is priced at $100.

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For the quadratic regression equation For the quadratic regression equation   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup>,the optimum (maximum or minimum)value of   is _________. = b0 + b1x + b2x2,the optimum (maximum or minimum)value of For the quadratic regression equation   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup>,the optimum (maximum or minimum)value of   is _________. is _________.

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The fit of the regression equations The fit of the regression equations   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> and   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> + b<sub>3</sub>x<sup>3 </sup>can be compared using the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup>. = b0 + b1x + b2x2 and The fit of the regression equations   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> and   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> + b<sub>3</sub>x<sup>3 </sup>can be compared using the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup>. = b0 + b1x + b2x2 + b3x3 can be compared using the coefficient of determination R2.

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It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola.The following data have been collected for a certain sales region. It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola.The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   Using Excel's regression,the linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales)= β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price)+ β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price)+ ε have been estimated as follows:   Using the estimated linear model,calculate the predicted Pepsi Sales when the Pepsi Price is $1.50 and the Cola Price is $1.25. Using Excel's regression,the linear model Pepsi Sales = β0 + β1Pepsi Price + β2Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales)= β0 + β1ln(Pepsi Price)+ β2ln(Cola Price)+ ε have been estimated as follows: It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola.The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   Using Excel's regression,the linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales)= β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price)+ β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price)+ ε have been estimated as follows:   Using the estimated linear model,calculate the predicted Pepsi Sales when the Pepsi Price is $1.50 and the Cola Price is $1.25. Using the estimated linear model,calculate the predicted Pepsi Sales when the Pepsi Price is $1.50 and the Cola Price is $1.25.

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For the quadratic equation For the quadratic equation   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup>,which of the following expressions must be zero in order to minimize or maximize the predicted y? = b0 + b1x + b2x2,which of the following expressions must be zero in order to minimize or maximize the predicted y?

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The following Excel scatterplot with the fitted quadratic regression equation illustrates the observed relationship between productivity and the number of hired workers. The following Excel scatterplot with the fitted quadratic regression equation illustrates the observed relationship between productivity and the number of hired workers.   The quadratic regression equation found is _________. The quadratic regression equation found is _________.

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Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age)and their credit card debt (Debt)expressed as a percentage of their annual income.Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results. Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age)and their credit card debt (Debt)expressed as a percentage of their annual income.Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results.   Using the quadratic regression equation,find the age of an employed single person with the highest predicted percentage debt. Using the quadratic regression equation,find the age of an employed single person with the highest predicted percentage debt.

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A model in which both the response variable and the explanatory variable are transformed into their natural logarithms is better known as a(n)_____________.

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Typically,the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price.It has been observed,however,that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases.The following Excel output illustrates this rather unusual relationship. Typically,the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price.It has been observed,however,that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases.The following Excel output illustrates this rather unusual relationship.   For the considered range of the price,the relationship between Price and Sales should be described by a _________. For the considered range of the price,the relationship between Price and Sales should be described by a _________.

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To compute the coefficient of determination R2 we have to use Excel's ________ function first to derive the correlation between y and To compute the coefficient of determination R<sup>2 </sup>we have to use Excel's ________ function first to derive the correlation between y and   . .

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The coefficient of determination R2 cannot be used to compare the linear and quadratic models,because

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Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age)and their credit card debt (Debt)expressed as a percentage of their annual income.Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results. Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age)and their credit card debt (Debt)expressed as a percentage of their annual income.Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results.   What is the regression equation that provides the best fit? What is the regression equation that provides the best fit?

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Which of the following regression models is most likely to provide the best fit for the data represented by the following scatterplot? Which of the following regression models is most likely to provide the best fit for the data represented by the following scatterplot?

(Multiple Choice)
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The following Excel scatterplot with the fitted quadratic regression equation illustrates the observed relationship between productivity and the number of hired workers. The following Excel scatterplot with the fitted quadratic regression equation illustrates the observed relationship between productivity and the number of hired workers.   For which value of Hires is the predicted Productivity maximized? Note: Do not round to the nearest integer. For which value of Hires is the predicted Productivity maximized? Note: Do not round to the nearest integer.

(Multiple Choice)
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The logarithmic and log-log models,y = β0 + β1ln(x)+ ε and ln(y)= β0 + β1 ln(x)+ ε,were used to fit given data on y and x,and the following table summarizes the regression results.Which of the two models provides a better fit? The logarithmic and log-log models,y = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(x)+ ε and ln(y)= β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub> ln(x)+ ε,were used to fit given data on y and x,and the following table summarizes the regression results.Which of the two models provides a better fit?

(Multiple Choice)
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It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola.The following data have been collected for a certain sales region. It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola.The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   Using Excel's regression,the linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales)= β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price)+ β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price)+ ε have been estimated as follows:   For the estimated log-log model,interpret the estimated slope coefficient of ln(Cola Price). Using Excel's regression,the linear model Pepsi Sales = β0 + β1Pepsi Price + β2Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales)= β0 + β1ln(Pepsi Price)+ β2ln(Cola Price)+ ε have been estimated as follows: It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola.The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   Using Excel's regression,the linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales)= β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price)+ β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price)+ ε have been estimated as follows:   For the estimated log-log model,interpret the estimated slope coefficient of ln(Cola Price). For the estimated log-log model,interpret the estimated slope coefficient of ln(Cola Price).

(Essay)
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Given the data on y and x,what is needed to run Excel regression for the polynomial model of order 3?

(Multiple Choice)
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Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age)and their credit card debt (Debt)expressed as a percentage of their annual income.Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results. Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age)and their credit card debt (Debt)expressed as a percentage of their annual income.Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results.   What is the value of the test statistic for testing H<sub>0</sub>: β<sub>2</sub> = β<sub>3</sub> = 0 against H<sub>A</sub>: β<sub>2</sub> ≠ 0 or β<sub>3</sub> ≠ 0 in the model Debt = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Age + β<sub>2</sub>Age<sup>2</sup>+ β<sub>3</sub>Age<sup>3 </sup>+ ε ? What is the value of the test statistic for testing H0: β2 = β3 = 0 against HA: β2 ≠ 0 or β3 ≠ 0 in the model Debt = β0 + β1Age + β2Age2+ β3Age3 + ε ?

(Essay)
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Which of the following is a typical application for the cubic regression model?

(Multiple Choice)
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It is important to evaluate the estimated _________ effect of the explanatory variable x on the predicted value of the response variable It is important to evaluate the estimated _________ effect of the explanatory variable x on the predicted value of the response variable   . .

(Essay)
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