Question 1

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not adequately describe the original behavior. 
B)  It lays too much emphasis on feelings and attitudes. 
C)  Most behavior is, in fact, environmentally caused. 
D)  It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior. 
E)  It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables. 
A)  It does not adequately describe the original behavior. 
B)  It lays too much emphasis on feelings and attitudes. 
C)  Most behavior is, in fact, environmentally caused. 
D)  It ignores the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior. 
E)  It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables.

Question 2

To get the best results while using reinforcement theory, rewards should be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  small and given only once 
B)  large and given at irregular intervals 
C)  given prior to the desired behavior response 
D)  given immediately following the desired behavior 
E)  presented publicly with a large number of witnesses 
A)  small and given only once 
B)  large and given at irregular intervals 
C)  given prior to the desired behavior response 
D)  given immediately following the desired behavior 
E)  presented publicly with a large number of witnesses

Question 3

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 
B)  organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs 
C)  organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual 
D)  the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance 
E)  organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort 
A)  the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 
B)  organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs 
C)  organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual 
D)  the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance 
E)  organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort

Question 4

A(n) ________ is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

Accepted Answer

A)  conclusion 
B)  reinforcer 
C)  goal 
D)  objective 
E)  referent 
A)  conclusion 
B)  reinforcer 
C)  goal 
D)  objective 
E)  referent

Question 5

Underpayment and overpayment, according to equity theory, tend to produce similar reactions to correct the inequities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Other-outside is a referent comparison that refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization 
B)  another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization 
C)  an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization 
D)  another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization 
E)  an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization 
A)  an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization 
B)  another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization 
C)  an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization 
D)  another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization 
E)  an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization

Question 7

Describe the three key elements in the definition of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is defined as the processes t

Question 8

Discuss distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice.

Accepted Answer

Distributive justice indicates the emplo

Question 9

Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization 
B)  an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization 
C)  another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization 
D)  an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization 
E)  another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization 
A)  an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization 
B)  an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization 
C)  another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization 
D)  an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization 
E)  another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization

Question 10

Explain the similarities between Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and McClelland's theory of needs.

Accepted Answer

It can be noted that the need for achiev

Question 11

According to the two-factor theory, adequate hygiene factors provide job satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  goal-setting theory 
B)  self-efficacy theory 
C)  equity theory 
D)  expectancy theory 
E)  self-determination theory 
A)  goal-setting theory 
B)  self-efficacy theory 
C)  equity theory 
D)  expectancy theory 
E)  self-determination theory

Question 13

Megan graduated from college three years ago and has been working at Sterba Inc. ever since. A conscientious employee, she has consistently received good performance evaluations. She recently found out that a younger colleague, who was just recruited to her team, is drawing a higher salary than she is for doing the same type of work.
-Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by distorting her perception of herself?

Accepted Answer

A)  She thinks that her colleague is paid more because she is an Ivy League graduate. 
B)  She believes that she is less-capable than her colleague. 
C)  She assumes that her colleague received a higher package due to changes in industry standards. 
D)  She believes that her salary is not commensurate with her skills and experience. 
E)  She believes that she is doing a lot better career-wise compared to the people with whom she graduated. 
A)  She thinks that her colleague is paid more because she is an Ivy League graduate. 
B)  She believes that she is less-capable than her colleague. 
C)  She assumes that her colleague received a higher package due to changes in industry standards. 
D)  She believes that her salary is not commensurate with her skills and experience. 
E)  She believes that she is doing a lot better career-wise compared to the people with whom she graduated.

Question 14

The lower your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant 
B)  most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it 
C)  employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility 
D)  the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction 
E)  achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation 
A)  there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant 
B)  most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it 
C)  employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility 
D)  the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction 
E)  achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

Question 16

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  Pygmalion effect 
C)  anchoring bias 
D)  framing effect 
E)  Electra complex 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  Pygmalion effect 
C)  anchoring bias 
D)  framing effect 
E)  Electra complex

Question 17

The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of ________, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.

Accepted Answer

A)  equity theory 
B)  expectancy theory 
C)  cognitive behavioral therapy 
D)  behaviorism 
E)  humanism 
A)  equity theory 
B)  expectancy theory 
C)  cognitive behavioral therapy 
D)  behaviorism 
E)  humanism

Question 18

The Pygmalion effect is also called the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  halo 
B)  self-concordance 
C)  Galatea 
D)  self-determination 
E)  pseudocertainty 
A)  halo 
B)  self-concordance 
C)  Galatea 
D)  self-determination 
E)  pseudocertainty

Question 19

Explain how a manager motivates employees with reference to Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Accepted Answer

According to Herzberg, the factors that

Question 20

Why are people motivated by challenging goals?

Accepted Answer

First, challenging goals get people's at

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?

To get the best results while using reinforcement theory, rewards should be ________.

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

A(n) ________ is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

Underpayment and overpayment, according to equity theory, tend to produce similar reactions to correct the inequities.

Other-outside is a referent comparison that refers to ________.

Describe the three key elements in the definition of motivation.

Discuss distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice.

Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to ________.

Explain the similarities between Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and McClelland's theory of needs.

According to the two-factor theory, adequate hygiene factors provide job satisfaction.

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

The lower your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed.

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of ________, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.

The Pygmalion effect is also called the ________ effect.

Explain how a manager motivates employees with reference to Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Why are people motivated by challenging goals?

What Is Organizational Behavior

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters

Exam 7: Motivation Concepts

What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?

To get the best results while using reinforcement theory, rewards should be ________.

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

A(n) ________ is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated.

Underpayment and overpayment, according to equity theory, tend to produce similar reactions to correct the inequities.

Other-outside is a referent comparison that refers to ________.

Describe the three key elements in the definition of motivation.

Discuss distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice.

Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to ________.

Explain the similarities between Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and McClelland's theory of needs.

According to the two-factor theory, adequate hygiene factors provide job satisfaction.

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

The lower your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed.

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of ________, which argues that behavior follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner.

The Pygmalion effect is also called the ________ effect.

Explain how a manager motivates employees with reference to Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Why are people motivated by challenging goals?

What Is Organizational Behavior

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters