Question 1

Claims based on common sense

Accepted Answer

A) are high in ecological validity. 
B) should be considered false,unless stated by a scientist. 
C) may be true,but require scientific evidence for support. 
D) should be considered true,but only if the majority of the public supports the claim. 
A) are high in ecological validity. 
B) should be considered false,unless stated by a scientist. 
C) may be true,but require scientific evidence for support. 
D) should be considered true,but only if the majority of the public supports the claim.

Question 2

When asked if there are more ice cream cones sold in November or July,Mary answers "July" immediately.Then,she is surprised to find out that there is little to no difference between the two months in terms of ice-cream-cone sales.Mary's error exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A) an imaginary correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a positive correlation. 
D) an illusory correlation. 
A) an imaginary correlation. 
B) a negative correlation. 
C) a positive correlation. 
D) an illusory correlation.

Question 3

A correlation coefficient will always range between

Accepted Answer

A) 0 and +1. 
B) -10 and +10. 
C) 0% and 100%. 
D) -1.0 and +1.0. 
A) 0 and +1. 
B) -10 and +10. 
C) 0% and 100%. 
D) -1.0 and +1.0.

Question 4

An experiment is said to be __________ when neither researchers nor participants are aware of who is in the experimental or control group.

Accepted Answer

A) single-blind 
B) generalizable 
C) peer-reviewed 
D) double-blind 
A) single-blind 
B) generalizable 
C) peer-reviewed 
D) double-blind

Question 5

Mr.Gauthier,a sixth-grade science teacher,has tried to predict his students' end-of-the-year grades by looking at their grades from the previous year.Unfortunately,there does not seem to be any systematic relationship between these two variables.Which of the following coefficients best fits this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) +.01 
B) -.92 
C) -.36 
D) +.89 
A) +.01 
B) -.92 
C) -.36 
D) +.89

Question 6

_____________ research does not attempt to explain how or why something happened,but instead it is an opportunity to present observations about the characteristics of the subject.

Accepted Answer

A) Descriptive 
B) Quasi-experimental 
C) Experimental 
D) Correlational 
A) Descriptive 
B) Quasi-experimental 
C) Experimental 
D) Correlational

Question 7

The most important factor to ensure that results from one study will generalize in other settings,is to use

Accepted Answer

A) a convenience sample. 
B) small sample sizes. 
C) random assignment. 
D) a random sample. 
A) a convenience sample. 
B) small sample sizes. 
C) random assignment. 
D) a random sample.

Question 8

To organize and summarize a large set of data,researchers use a set of mathematical techniques called

Accepted Answer

A) distribution statistics. 
B) inferential statistics. 
C) descriptive statistics. 
D) variability tests. 
A) distribution statistics. 
B) inferential statistics. 
C) descriptive statistics. 
D) variability tests.

Question 9

Conceptually,the standard deviation for a distribution can be thought of as

Accepted Answer

A) the centre of the distribution. 
B) the average frequency for each category. 
C) the average distance from the mean. 
D) the distance between the highest and lowest values. 
A) the centre of the distribution. 
B) the average frequency for each category. 
C) the average distance from the mean. 
D) the distance between the highest and lowest values.

Question 10

Ryan,a professional bass fisherman,is trying to determine which lure is most effective: the scented silicone worm he normally uses or the new minnow-style lure he bought yesterday.Based on this scenario,what would constitute the control?

Accepted Answer

A) the new minnow lure 
B) the scented silicone worm 
C) both the minnow lure and the silicone worm 
D) there is no control in this example 
A) the new minnow lure 
B) the scented silicone worm 
C) both the minnow lure and the silicone worm 
D) there is no control in this example

Question 11

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest degree of relation between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) +.19 
B) -.25 
C) +.43 
D) -.47 
A) +.19 
B) -.25 
C) +.43 
D) -.47

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE about naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A) It recreates natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an experiment more ecologically valid. 
B) It involves observing behaviour of organisms in their natural environment. 
C) It focuses on environmental research. 
D) It involves observing behaviour in the lab without the use of technological instruments. 
A) It recreates natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an experiment more ecologically valid. 
B) It involves observing behaviour of organisms in their natural environment. 
C) It focuses on environmental research. 
D) It involves observing behaviour in the lab without the use of technological instruments.

Question 13

A researcher measures participants' blood pressure while they are shown sexual,violent,or relaxing videos.The blood pressure measurement in this study is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a variable. 
B) a sample. 
C) self-reporting. 
D) a demand characteristic. 
A) a variable. 
B) a sample. 
C) self-reporting. 
D) a demand characteristic.

Question 14

According to the textbook,which of the following is true about studies that potentially increase mortality salience in participants?

Accepted Answer

A) Studies that increase mortality salience increase the incidence of suicide in their participants. 
B) Studies that increase mortality salience are considered unethical. 
C) Stress from mortality salience is typically short term and can be considered an acceptable risk. 
D) Studies that increase mortality salience are always acceptable. 
A) Studies that increase mortality salience increase the incidence of suicide in their participants. 
B) Studies that increase mortality salience are considered unethical. 
C) Stress from mortality salience is typically short term and can be considered an acceptable risk. 
D) Studies that increase mortality salience are always acceptable.

Question 15

Researchers at Universities often use Psychology students as their participants because they are readily available and eager to volunteer.This form of a sample is referred to as a(n)____________ sample.

Accepted Answer

A) random 
B) confound 
C) ecological 
D) convenience 
A) random 
B) confound 
C) ecological 
D) convenience

Question 16

Researchers use _____________ to determine whether the difference between groups is statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

A) correlation coefficients 
B) descriptive statistics 
C) hypothesis testing 
D) vector analysis 
A) correlation coefficients 
B) descriptive statistics 
C) hypothesis testing 
D) vector analysis

Question 17

Dr.Oickle is trying to determine which type of correlation is represented on her scatterplot.She notes that nearly all the data are clustered along a diagonal line running from top left to bottom-right.What would be the correct interpretation of the data?

Accepted Answer

A) There appears to be a positive correlation. 
B) There appears to be no correlation. 
C) There appears to be a negative correlation. 
D) We need more information to draw a conclusion. 
A) There appears to be a positive correlation. 
B) There appears to be no correlation. 
C) There appears to be a negative correlation. 
D) We need more information to draw a conclusion.

Question 18

Which of the following is one of the five characteristics of quality research listed in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

A) using subjective measurements 
B) protecting the public from distressing results and keeping them secret 
C) making sure results can be replicated 
D) avoiding generalizing results 
A) using subjective measurements 
B) protecting the public from distressing results and keeping them secret 
C) making sure results can be replicated 
D) avoiding generalizing results

Question 19

Kendra serves on a committee whose job is to review proposed psychology studies.The committee refuses to approve one study because it feels the possible benefit from the research is too little given the potential risk to the participants.Kendra's committee is most accurately called

Accepted Answer

A) an ethics commission. 
B) the psychological harm board. 
C) the academic safety advisory committee. 
D) the research ethics board. 
A) an ethics commission. 
B) the psychological harm board. 
C) the academic safety advisory committee. 
D) the research ethics board.

Question 20

What is the best way to reduce the social desirability bias in research?

Accepted Answer

A) use random sampling 
B) provide anonymity and confidentiality 
C) use random assignment 
D) submit the research to peer review 
A) use random sampling 
B) provide anonymity and confidentiality 
C) use random assignment 
D) submit the research to peer review

Exam 2: C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

Claims based on common sense

When asked if there are more ice cream cones sold in November or July,Mary answers "July" immediately.Then,she is surprised to find out that there is little to no difference between the two months in terms of ice-cream-cone sales.Mary's error exemplifies

A correlation coefficient will always range between

An experiment is said to be __________ when neither researchers nor participants are aware of who is in the experimental or control group.

_____________ research does not attempt to explain how or why something happened,but instead it is an opportunity to present observations about the characteristics of the subject.

The most important factor to ensure that results from one study will generalize in other settings,is to use

To organize and summarize a large set of data,researchers use a set of mathematical techniques called

Conceptually,the standard deviation for a distribution can be thought of as

Ryan,a professional bass fisherman,is trying to determine which lure is most effective: the scented silicone worm he normally uses or the new minnow-style lure he bought yesterday.Based on this scenario,what would constitute the control?

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest degree of relation between two variables?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about naturalistic observation?

A researcher measures participants' blood pressure while they are shown sexual,violent,or relaxing videos.The blood pressure measurement in this study is an example of

According to the textbook,which of the following is true about studies that potentially increase mortality salience in participants?

Researchers at Universities often use Psychology students as their participants because they are readily available and eager to volunteer.This form of a sample is referred to as a(n)____________ sample.

Researchers use _____________ to determine whether the difference between groups is statistically significant.

Dr.Oickle is trying to determine which type of correlation is represented on her scatterplot.She notes that nearly all the data are clustered along a diagonal line running from top left to bottom-right.What would be the correct interpretation of the data?

Which of the following is one of the five characteristics of quality research listed in the textbook?

Kendra serves on a committee whose job is to review proposed psychology studies.The committee refuses to approve one study because it feels the possible benefit from the research is too little given the potential risk to the participants.Kendra's committee is most accurately called

What is the best way to reduce the social desirability bias in research?

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

E: Motivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

E: Social Psychology