Question 1

Quasi-experimental designs are similar to experimental designs,except in quasi-experimental designs

Accepted Answer

A) random assignment is not possible. 
B) there is more than one independent variable. 
C) there is more than one dependent variable. 
D) there is no dependent variable. 
A) random assignment is not possible. 
B) there is more than one independent variable. 
C) there is more than one dependent variable. 
D) there is no dependent variable.

Question 2

__________ is the extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure.

Accepted Answer

A) Generalizability 
B) Reliability 
C) Validity 
D) Objectivity 
A) Generalizability 
B) Reliability 
C) Validity 
D) Objectivity

Question 3

Before beginning a study on the health effects of obesity,a group of researchers agree that,for the purposes of their study,anyone with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 will be considered obese.This is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) control variable. 
B) operational definition. 
C) convenience sample. 
D) dependent variable. 
A) control variable. 
B) operational definition. 
C) convenience sample. 
D) dependent variable.

Question 4

Often,the amount of time a student spends studying is __________ correlated with the student's grades.

Accepted Answer

A) negatively 
B) not 
C) positively 
D) inversely 
A) negatively 
B) not 
C) positively 
D) inversely

Question 5

In general,what should researchers do with data after the results of a study have been published?

Accepted Answer

A) Destroy it immediately. 
B) Keep it forever. 
C) Keep it secure for around 25 to 50 years. 
D) Keep it secure for around 3 to 5 years. 
A) Destroy it immediately. 
B) Keep it forever. 
C) Keep it secure for around 25 to 50 years. 
D) Keep it secure for around 3 to 5 years.

Question 6

Dr.Kwan hypothesizes that allowing factory employees to listen to music while working will improve productivity.After conducting his experiment,Dr.Kwan finds that the group of participants that was allowed to listen to music was more productive than the group that did not,but this difference was not statistically significant.What should Dr.Kwan conclude about the difference between the two groups?

Accepted Answer

A) His results support his hypothesis. 
B) He is likely to find the same effect if he replicated the study. 
C) It is possible that the difference was due to random chance. 
D) Music improves productivity in factory settings. 
A) His results support his hypothesis. 
B) He is likely to find the same effect if he replicated the study. 
C) It is possible that the difference was due to random chance. 
D) Music improves productivity in factory settings.

Question 7

What effect does the planned use of deception have on the approval of a study by a Research Ethics Board (REB)?

Accepted Answer

A) Studies with deception can be approved,but only if the deception is necessary and the risk to participants is minimal. 
B) The use of deception has no effect on the whether the study will be approved by the REB. 
C) Studies that involve deception go through a more rigorous approval process. 
D) Studies with deception are considered unethical and are rarely approved. 
A) Studies with deception can be approved,but only if the deception is necessary and the risk to participants is minimal. 
B) The use of deception has no effect on the whether the study will be approved by the REB. 
C) Studies that involve deception go through a more rigorous approval process. 
D) Studies with deception are considered unethical and are rarely approved.

Question 8

Eila is participating in a psychological experiment for one of the graduate students at her university.She is fairly certain that she knows the true intent of the study and is trying to answer the questions accordingly.Eila is adjusting her responses based on

Accepted Answer

A) the Hawthorne effect. 
B) social desirability bias. 
C) observer bias. 
D) demand characteristics. 
A) the Hawthorne effect. 
B) social desirability bias. 
C) observer bias. 
D) demand characteristics.

Question 9

In science,operational definitions are used to

Accepted Answer

A) keep participants from knowing which treatment group they are in. 
B) reduce demand characteristics. 
C) increase ecological validity. 
D) define terms and variables so they can be objectively measured. 
A) keep participants from knowing which treatment group they are in. 
B) reduce demand characteristics. 
C) increase ecological validity. 
D) define terms and variables so they can be objectively measured.

Question 10

A graph that can be used to illustrate the pattern of the relationship between scores from two variables is called a

Accepted Answer

A) bar graph. 
B) line graph. 
C) pie chart. 
D) scatterplot. 
A) bar graph. 
B) line graph. 
C) pie chart. 
D) scatterplot.

Question 11

A researcher wants to see whether she can make the typical administrative assistant job more motivating at Acme,Inc.To experimentally investigate this possibility,she randomly assigns administrative assistants to one of the following conditions: (I)doing the job as it has always been done, (II)having a computer performance monitoring device installed, (III)receiving feedback about their performance on a weekly basis,or (IV)being given a say in how one's workload is structured and done.Which of the preceding conditions is an example of a control group?

Accepted Answer

A) being given a say in how one's workload is structured and done 
B) doing the job as it has always been done 
C) having a computer performance monitoring device installed 
D) receiving feedback on a weekly basis 
A) being given a say in how one's workload is structured and done 
B) doing the job as it has always been done 
C) having a computer performance monitoring device installed 
D) receiving feedback on a weekly basis

Question 12

Priya,a university student,wants to know how many of the students living in her residence have tried cannabis,so she decides to interview everyone in her building.Despite rumours to the contrary,the results suggest that fewer than five percent of her classmates have tried the drug.What is the most likely explanation for her findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The student responses were influenced by social desirability. 
B) Priya's question was unclear. 
C) Priya miscalculated the results. 
D) Interviews often lead to exaggerated results. 
A) The student responses were influenced by social desirability. 
B) Priya's question was unclear. 
C) Priya miscalculated the results. 
D) Interviews often lead to exaggerated results.

Question 13

Brittany,a hockey player who plays for the local university,has finished the last three years with 8,32,and 14 points.Considering her performance,what type of player would Brittany be considered?

Accepted Answer

A) a valid player 
B) an objective player 
C) a reliable player 
D) not a reliable player 
A) a valid player 
B) an objective player 
C) a reliable player 
D) not a reliable player

Question 14

_______________assumes that there are facts about the world that can be observed and tested independently from the individual who describes them.

Accepted Answer

A) Subjectivity 
B) Objectivity 
C) Validity 
D) Generalizability 
A) Subjectivity 
B) Objectivity 
C) Validity 
D) Generalizability

Question 15

The process by which experts in a field carefully critique the work of their colleagues prior to publication,is known as

Accepted Answer

A) ecological validation. 
B) social desirability. 
C) peer review. 
D) replication 
A) ecological validation. 
B) social desirability. 
C) peer review. 
D) replication

Question 16

A university president asks the head of the data analytics department if more students come from cities or rural locales.What measure of central tendency is she asking about?

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) range 
A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) range

Question 17

The variable that an experimenter measures is called the

Accepted Answer

A) control variable. 
B) confounding variable. 
C) dependent variable. 
D) independent variable. 
A) control variable. 
B) confounding variable. 
C) dependent variable. 
D) independent variable.

Question 18

What is the main difference between an experiment and a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

A) A correlational study involves the manipulation of variables,while an experiment does not. 
B) An experiment uses random sampling,while a correlational study uses random assignment. 
C) A correlational study looks at the relationship between independent and dependent variables,while an experiment looks at the relationship between confounding variables. 
D) An experiment involves the manipulation of variables,while a correlational study does not. 
A) A correlational study involves the manipulation of variables,while an experiment does not. 
B) An experiment uses random sampling,while a correlational study uses random assignment. 
C) A correlational study looks at the relationship between independent and dependent variables,while an experiment looks at the relationship between confounding variables. 
D) An experiment involves the manipulation of variables,while a correlational study does not.

Question 19

In research,the object,concept,or event being measured is called a

Accepted Answer

A) unit of data. 
B) population. 
C) variable. 
D) sample. 
A) unit of data. 
B) population. 
C) variable. 
D) sample.

Question 20

The scores on most standardized tests have a _____________ distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) normal 
B) positively skewed 
C) negatively skewed 
D) bimodal 
A) normal 
B) positively skewed 
C) negatively skewed 
D) bimodal

Exam 2: C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

Quasi-experimental designs are similar to experimental designs,except in quasi-experimental designs

__________ is the extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure.

Before beginning a study on the health effects of obesity,a group of researchers agree that,for the purposes of their study,anyone with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 will be considered obese.This is an example of a(n)

Often,the amount of time a student spends studying is __________ correlated with the student's grades.

In general,what should researchers do with data after the results of a study have been published?

What effect does the planned use of deception have on the approval of a study by a Research Ethics Board (REB)?

Eila is participating in a psychological experiment for one of the graduate students at her university.She is fairly certain that she knows the true intent of the study and is trying to answer the questions accordingly.Eila is adjusting her responses based on

In science,operational definitions are used to

A graph that can be used to illustrate the pattern of the relationship between scores from two variables is called a

Brittany,a hockey player who plays for the local university,has finished the last three years with 8,32,and 14 points.Considering her performance,what type of player would Brittany be considered?

_______________assumes that there are facts about the world that can be observed and tested independently from the individual who describes them.

The process by which experts in a field carefully critique the work of their colleagues prior to publication,is known as

A university president asks the head of the data analytics department if more students come from cities or rural locales.What measure of central tendency is she asking about?

The variable that an experimenter measures is called the

What is the main difference between an experiment and a correlational study?

In research,the object,concept,or event being measured is called a

The scores on most standardized tests have a _____________ distribution.

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

E: Motivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

E: Social Psychology

A: Health, Stress, and Coping

B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Before beginning a study on the health effects of obesity,a group of researchers agree that,for the purposes of their study,anyone with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m² will be considered obese.This is an example of a(n)