Question 1

What is the purpose of a research ethics board?

Accepted Answer

A) to help protect research participants from unnecessary risk 
B) to slow the research process by placing hurdles in the way of researchers 
C) to help protect universities and institutions from lawsuits 
D) to raise funds for ongoing research 
A) to help protect research participants from unnecessary risk 
B) to slow the research process by placing hurdles in the way of researchers 
C) to help protect universities and institutions from lawsuits 
D) to raise funds for ongoing research

Question 2

Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets?

Accepted Answer

A) -.62 
B) +.83 
C) -.08 
D) +.45 
A) -.62 
B) +.83 
C) -.08 
D) +.45

Question 3

Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults.Kia says,"Everyone knows that if a child is spoiled,they will not develop the coping skills needed in adulthood." From a scientific point of view,what is wrong with Kia's statement?

Accepted Answer

A) It is based on anecdotal evidence. 
B) It is an appeal to authority. 
C) It is an appeal to common sense. 
D) Nothing;it is a well-supported conclusion. 
A) It is based on anecdotal evidence. 
B) It is an appeal to authority. 
C) It is an appeal to common sense. 
D) Nothing;it is a well-supported conclusion.

Question 4

Dr.Janusz conducts a correlational study and finds a strong negative relationship between behavioural issues in children and the amount of time the parents spend with the child.Dr.Janusz immediately holds a press conference warning parents that spending less time with their children will cause behavioural issues.Was this the appropriate conclusion for Dr.Janusz to draw?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes,researchers can conclude causation as long as it is a strong correlation. 
B) Yes,Dr.Janusz's results were strong and are in agreement with common sense. 
C) No,a third variable might be impacting both variables (e.g. ,poverty). 
D) No,Dr.Janusz is reporting on an illusory correlation. 
A) Yes,researchers can conclude causation as long as it is a strong correlation. 
B) Yes,Dr.Janusz's results were strong and are in agreement with common sense. 
C) No,a third variable might be impacting both variables (e.g. ,poverty). 
D) No,Dr.Janusz is reporting on an illusory correlation.

Question 5

Confidentiality requires researchers to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Provide complete anonymity when collecting data. 
B) Erase all confidential data as soon as the results of the study are published. 
C) Use a double-blind procedure. 
D) Remove any specific information that can be connected with a participant when sharing data. 
A) Provide complete anonymity when collecting data. 
B) Erase all confidential data as soon as the results of the study are published. 
C) Use a double-blind procedure. 
D) Remove any specific information that can be connected with a participant when sharing data.

Question 6

Elle,a university student,had a great time at a party last night.She danced,sang karaoke,and played the Rock Band video game-all behaviours that she had never exhibited in public before.She had been drinking the "punch" all night long,which she was told contained a lot of alcohol.Elle was quite surprised to find out the next morning that the punch did NOT contain any alcohol.What may explain Elle's behaviour at the party?

Accepted Answer

A) the Hawthorne effect 
B) confirmation bias 
C) the nocebo effect 
D) the placebo effect 
A) the Hawthorne effect 
B) confirmation bias 
C) the nocebo effect 
D) the placebo effect

Question 7

In an effort to ensure objectivity,psychologists typically measure

Accepted Answer

A) behaviour. 
B) introspection. 
C) thoughts. 
D) feelings. 
A) behaviour. 
B) introspection. 
C) thoughts. 
D) feelings.

Question 8

What does the height of the bars on a histogram indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) range 
C) frequency 
D) score or value 
A) mean 
B) range 
C) frequency 
D) score or value

Question 9

As the average daily temperature in Edmonton,Alberta,decreases the number of persons who are observed drinking iced coffee decreases.This is an example of a(n)________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) unrelated 
B) negative 
C) positive 
D) strong 
A) unrelated 
B) negative 
C) positive 
D) strong

Question 10

The main purpose of replicating research is to

Accepted Answer

A) keep the scientific community up-to-date on current findings. 
B) renew drug and technology patents based on the research. 
C) ensure that the findings are correct and not statistical flukes. 
D) increase a researcher's number of publications. 
A) keep the scientific community up-to-date on current findings. 
B) renew drug and technology patents based on the research. 
C) ensure that the findings are correct and not statistical flukes. 
D) increase a researcher's number of publications.

Question 11

The risk of bias in a research study is that biases can lead us

Accepted Answer

A) to become anxious or depressed about our knowledge of the world. 
B) to draw incorrect conclusions and then become convinced that they are accurate. 
C) to doubt our intuition and gut feelings in important real-life circumstances. 
D) to underestimate our general levels of cognitive abilities and skills. 
A) to become anxious or depressed about our knowledge of the world. 
B) to draw incorrect conclusions and then become convinced that they are accurate. 
C) to doubt our intuition and gut feelings in important real-life circumstances. 
D) to underestimate our general levels of cognitive abilities and skills.

Question 12

______________ is a method where researchers typically use interviews,phone surveys,and questionnaires to directly collect responses from the people being studied.

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic observation 
B) Random sampling 
C) Self-reporting 
D) Blind sampling 
A) Naturalistic observation 
B) Random sampling 
C) Self-reporting 
D) Blind sampling

Question 13

Which of the following correlations represents the weakest degree of relation between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) Daily calcium intake and bone mass density = +.11 
B) Degree of exposure to lead and IQ scores in children = -.12 
C) Hours of exposure to media violence and aggressive behaviour = +.31 
D) Number of cigarettes smoked per day and incidence of lung cancer = +.39 
A) Daily calcium intake and bone mass density = +.11 
B) Degree of exposure to lead and IQ scores in children = -.12 
C) Hours of exposure to media violence and aggressive behaviour = +.31 
D) Number of cigarettes smoked per day and incidence of lung cancer = +.39

Question 14

Jasmine took a self-administered online intelligence test three times yesterday and obtained scores of 124,128,and 125.This made her feel great because the score she received from the psychologist last month at school was only a 95.What characteristic might the online test be lacking?

Accepted Answer

A) reliability 
B) validity 
C) both reliability and validity 
D) nothing,the test appears to be both reliable and valid 
A) reliability 
B) validity 
C) both reliability and validity 
D) nothing,the test appears to be both reliable and valid

Question 15

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n)____________ form of evidence because _______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) reliable;expertise is equivalent to evidence 
B) reliable;experts would not present erroneous information 
C) unreliable;experts are unable to assess the quality of their research 
D) unreliable;expertise is not equivalent to evidence 
A) reliable;expertise is equivalent to evidence 
B) reliable;experts would not present erroneous information 
C) unreliable;experts are unable to assess the quality of their research 
D) unreliable;expertise is not equivalent to evidence

Question 16

One key aspect of an experiment that is missing in other research designs is

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to test predictions. 
B) the use of variables. 
C) the use of operational definitions. 
D) random assignment. 
A) the ability to test predictions. 
B) the use of variables. 
C) the use of operational definitions. 
D) random assignment.

Question 17

Support for a claim that is based on a story about an individual or event is called ___________ evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) anecdotal 
B) narrative 
C) objective 
D) socially desirable 
A) anecdotal 
B) narrative 
C) objective 
D) socially desirable

Question 18

A researcher is interested in determining how frequently bullying behaviour occurs in real-life settings.This researcher would best be advised to use a(n)_______ design.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) naturalistic observation 
A) case study 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) naturalistic observation

Question 19

The MKUltra project is often cited as an example of

Accepted Answer

A) unethical research on animals. 
B) unethical research on humans. 
C) necessary deception in research. 
D) the effective use of strict ethical guidelines in research. 
A) unethical research on animals. 
B) unethical research on humans. 
C) necessary deception in research. 
D) the effective use of strict ethical guidelines in research.

Question 20

Correlational research designs are NOT appropriate for purposes of

Accepted Answer

A) determining causation. 
B) describing relationships. 
C) predicting possible outcomes. 
D) understanding the association between two variables. 
A) determining causation. 
B) describing relationships. 
C) predicting possible outcomes. 
D) understanding the association between two variables.

Exam 2: C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

What is the purpose of a research ethics board?

Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets?

Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults.Kia says,"Everyone knows that if a child is spoiled,they will not develop the coping skills needed in adulthood." From a scientific point of view,what is wrong with Kia's statement?

Confidentiality requires researchers to do which of the following?

In an effort to ensure objectivity,psychologists typically measure

What does the height of the bars on a histogram indicate?

As the average daily temperature in Edmonton,Alberta,decreases the number of persons who are observed drinking iced coffee decreases.This is an example of a(n)________ correlation.

The main purpose of replicating research is to

The risk of bias in a research study is that biases can lead us

______________ is a method where researchers typically use interviews,phone surveys,and questionnaires to directly collect responses from the people being studied.

Which of the following correlations represents the weakest degree of relation between two variables?

Jasmine took a self-administered online intelligence test three times yesterday and obtained scores of 124,128,and 125.This made her feel great because the score she received from the psychologist last month at school was only a 95.What characteristic might the online test be lacking?

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n)____________ form of evidence because _______________________.

One key aspect of an experiment that is missing in other research designs is

Support for a claim that is based on a story about an individual or event is called ___________ evidence.

A researcher is interested in determining how frequently bullying behaviour occurs in real-life settings.This researcher would best be advised to use a(n)_______ design.

The MKUltra project is often cited as an example of

Correlational research designs are NOT appropriate for purposes of

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

E: Motivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

E: Social Psychology

A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Appeals to authority are generally considered a(n) form of evidence because ___________.