Question 1

A research design characterized by the random assignment of participants to conditions is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) quasi-experimental design. 
B) random sample. 
C) experimental design. 
D) correlational design. 
A) quasi-experimental design. 
B) random sample. 
C) experimental design. 
D) correlational design.

Question 2

The peer review process is designed to

Accepted Answer

A) limit alternative therapies from being made available to the general public. 
B) identify potential flaws in a research study's methods,findings,and conclusions. 
C) eliminate the placebo effect. 
D) translate scientific journal articles into easy-to-understand articles for social media. 
A) limit alternative therapies from being made available to the general public. 
B) identify potential flaws in a research study's methods,findings,and conclusions. 
C) eliminate the placebo effect. 
D) translate scientific journal articles into easy-to-understand articles for social media.

Question 3

Ursula works in an office.One day,her boss tells her that upper-management will be in the office to observe employee productivity.Because she knows she is being observed,Ursula works harder than she normally does,a phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A) the placebo effect. 
B) the Heisenberg principle. 
C) ecological validity. 
D) the Hawthorne effect. 
A) the placebo effect. 
B) the Heisenberg principle. 
C) ecological validity. 
D) the Hawthorne effect.

Question 4

A(n)____________ involves describing a single individual's behaviour in great detail,rather than testing a specific hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) correlational study 
C) experiment 
D) naturalistic observation study 
A) case study 
B) correlational study 
C) experiment 
D) naturalistic observation study

Question 5

Dr.Johansen randomly assigned subjects to three different groups during her last experiment.She then proceeded to give all the participants in the experiment a new study technique designed to enhance their learning for the upcoming test.What critical error did she make during her experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) She failed to identify the independent variable. 
B) She failed to identify the dependent variable. 
C) She failed to include an experimental group. 
D) She failed to include a control group. 
A) She failed to identify the independent variable. 
B) She failed to identify the dependent variable. 
C) She failed to include an experimental group. 
D) She failed to include a control group.

Question 6

Which of these is an essential component of ethical human research?

Accepted Answer

A) Research participants must give informed consent. 
B) Research participants must personally benefit from the research. 
C) Research participants must be compensated (paid)for their participation. 
D) By providing informed consent,participants must complete the experiment in its entirety. 
A) Research participants must give informed consent. 
B) Research participants must personally benefit from the research. 
C) Research participants must be compensated (paid)for their participation. 
D) By providing informed consent,participants must complete the experiment in its entirety.

Question 7

According to the textbook,what have researchers concluded about the "Mozart effect"?

Accepted Answer

A) Listening to classical music,but not other types of music,causes a lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
B) Listening to all types of music causes a lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
C) Listening to classical music appears to have only a small,short-term effect on spatial reasoning in adults. 
D) Listening to classical music has no effect on any type of thinking or reasoning. 
A) Listening to classical music,but not other types of music,causes a lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
B) Listening to all types of music causes a lasting improvement in several types of thinking and reasoning. 
C) Listening to classical music appears to have only a small,short-term effect on spatial reasoning in adults. 
D) Listening to classical music has no effect on any type of thinking or reasoning.

Question 8

Which of the following is an advantage of using nonhuman subjects in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A) Research on nonhumans does not have to be reviewed by ethics committees. 
B) Many lab animals have relatively short life spans,so several generations can be observed. 
C) Researchers do not have to justify risk and discomfort with the potential scientific value of the research. 
D) There are no advantages of animal research over human research. 
A) Research on nonhumans does not have to be reviewed by ethics committees. 
B) Many lab animals have relatively short life spans,so several generations can be observed. 
C) Researchers do not have to justify risk and discomfort with the potential scientific value of the research. 
D) There are no advantages of animal research over human research.

Question 9

Two variables are said to be correlated when scores on one variable

Accepted Answer

A) do not increase or decrease with the scores on the second variable. 
B) increase or decrease with the scores on the second variable. 
C) directly cause the scores on the second variable. 
D) differ from the scores on the second variable. 
A) do not increase or decrease with the scores on the second variable. 
B) increase or decrease with the scores on the second variable. 
C) directly cause the scores on the second variable. 
D) differ from the scores on the second variable.

Question 10

A group of researchers are studying depression in a sample of patients.Each researcher independently assesses the level of depression in each patient,but find that their assessments are not the same.This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) depression cannot be studied scientifically. 
B) the researchers are not using a reliable measurement. 
C) the results are generalizable. 
D) the patients likely do not have depression. 
A) depression cannot be studied scientifically. 
B) the researchers are not using a reliable measurement. 
C) the results are generalizable. 
D) the patients likely do not have depression.

Question 11

An administrator believes that the placement of motivational posters on the walls in classrooms of academic buildings will lead to better grades at his school.To test his theory,he randomly assigns certain classrooms within the university's Faculty of Science to have the posters while others do not.None of the remaining four faculties will have any posters placed in their classrooms.What is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) the five different faculties 
B) the presence or absence of classroom posters 
C) the classrooms 
D) student grades 
A) the five different faculties 
B) the presence or absence of classroom posters 
C) the classrooms 
D) student grades

Question 12

A(n)_____ variable is one that is outside of the experimenter's control.

Accepted Answer

A) confounding 
B) dependent 
C) independent 
D) random 
A) confounding 
B) dependent 
C) independent 
D) random

Question 13

Dr.Sparks gave Julie a new intelligence test that he personally designed,but her scores are different each time he tests her.These results suggest that Dr.Sparks' intelligence test has poor

Accepted Answer

A) validity. 
B) generalizability. 
C) reliability. 
D) social desirability. 
A) validity. 
B) generalizability. 
C) reliability. 
D) social desirability.

Question 14

Why is it difficult to make generalizations based on the results of case study research?

Accepted Answer

A) Case studies are typically conducted over a very short period of time,making generalizations about long-term effects difficult. 
B) Case studies are conducted in strict laboratory environments,which reduces ecological validity. 
C) Since a case study involves only one or a few subjects,their actions may be atypical and not representative of a larger group of people or population. 
D) The statistics involved in case study research do not allow one to draw larger conclusions about a population. 
A) Case studies are typically conducted over a very short period of time,making generalizations about long-term effects difficult. 
B) Case studies are conducted in strict laboratory environments,which reduces ecological validity. 
C) Since a case study involves only one or a few subjects,their actions may be atypical and not representative of a larger group of people or population. 
D) The statistics involved in case study research do not allow one to draw larger conclusions about a population.

Question 15

"As one variable increases,the other decreases." This statement describes a ________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) weak 
C) strong 
D) negative 
A) positive 
B) weak 
C) strong 
D) negative

Question 16

The term statistically significant implies that the results are

Accepted Answer

A) important. 
B) reliable. 
C) valid. 
D) not likely due to chance. 
A) important. 
B) reliable. 
C) valid. 
D) not likely due to chance.

Question 17

The group that receives the manipulation of an independent variable is called the

Accepted Answer

A) control group. 
B) dependent group. 
C) experimental group. 
D) independent group. 
A) control group. 
B) dependent group. 
C) experimental group. 
D) independent group.

Question 18

If a set of data has a perfectly normal distribution,which measure of central tendency should be used?

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) It doesn't matter;they will be the same. 
A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) It doesn't matter;they will be the same.

Question 19

____________ are the only form of research that allow one to make inferences about causation.

Accepted Answer

A) Descriptive designs 
B) Correlational designs 
C) Experimental designs 
D) Naturalistic observations 
A) Descriptive designs 
B) Correlational designs 
C) Experimental designs 
D) Naturalistic observations

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers typically study whole populations because it the most efficient method for gathering data. 
B) Researchers typically study samples because it is often too difficult to study whole populations. 
C) Researchers typically aim to include both samples and populations in their research. 
D) Researchers typically avoid studying both populations and samples to avoid researcher bias. 
A) Researchers typically study whole populations because it the most efficient method for gathering data. 
B) Researchers typically study samples because it is often too difficult to study whole populations. 
C) Researchers typically aim to include both samples and populations in their research. 
D) Researchers typically avoid studying both populations and samples to avoid researcher bias.

Exam 2: C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A research design characterized by the random assignment of participants to conditions is called a(n)

The peer review process is designed to

Ursula works in an office.One day,her boss tells her that upper-management will be in the office to observe employee productivity.Because she knows she is being observed,Ursula works harder than she normally does,a phenomenon known as

A(n)____________ involves describing a single individual's behaviour in great detail,rather than testing a specific hypothesis.

Dr.Johansen randomly assigned subjects to three different groups during her last experiment.She then proceeded to give all the participants in the experiment a new study technique designed to enhance their learning for the upcoming test.What critical error did she make during her experiment?

Which of these is an essential component of ethical human research?

According to the textbook,what have researchers concluded about the "Mozart effect"?

Which of the following is an advantage of using nonhuman subjects in psychological research?

Two variables are said to be correlated when scores on one variable

A group of researchers are studying depression in a sample of patients.Each researcher independently assesses the level of depression in each patient,but find that their assessments are not the same.This suggests that

A(n)_____ variable is one that is outside of the experimenter's control.

Dr.Sparks gave Julie a new intelligence test that he personally designed,but her scores are different each time he tests her.These results suggest that Dr.Sparks' intelligence test has poor

Why is it difficult to make generalizations based on the results of case study research?

"As one variable increases,the other decreases." This statement describes a ________ correlation.

The term statistically significant implies that the results are

The group that receives the manipulation of an independent variable is called the

If a set of data has a perfectly normal distribution,which measure of central tendency should be used?

____________ are the only form of research that allow one to make inferences about causation.

Which of the following is TRUE?

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

E: Motivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

E: Social Psychology