Question 1

The limited type of leprosy in which cell-mediated immunity suppresses proliferation of the bacilli is called

Accepted Answer

A) lepromatous. 
B) limited. 
C) immune. 
D) tuberculoid. 
A) lepromatous. 
B) limited. 
C) immune. 
D) tuberculoid.

Question 2

The menigococcus attach to the mucus membrane via

Accepted Answer

A) flagella. 
B) pili. 
C) cilia. 
D) a capsule. 
A) flagella. 
B) pili. 
C) cilia. 
D) a capsule.

Question 3

The transmission of leprosy is by

Accepted Answer

A) direct human-to-human contact. 
B) the fecal-oral route. 
C) contact with infected blood products. 
D) contact with infected nasal secretions. 
E) direct human-to-human contact AND contact with infected nasal secretions. 
A) direct human-to-human contact. 
B) the fecal-oral route. 
C) contact with infected blood products. 
D) contact with infected nasal secretions. 
E) direct human-to-human contact AND contact with infected nasal secretions.

Question 4

Meningoencephalitis and African sleeping sickness are both caused by protozoans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

African sleeping sickness is transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A) ticks. 
B) black flies. 
C) Aedes mosquitoes. 
D) tsetse flies. 
A) ticks. 
B) black flies. 
C) Aedes mosquitoes. 
D) tsetse flies.

Question 6

You're a famous eye surgeon, specializing in corneal transplants. Give your choice, would you rather have a cornea for transplantation from a 20 year old individual, or a 60 year old individual (assuming there are no optical defects due to age), and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The 60 year old-clearly, if the individual has gone 60 years with no optical defects, this is a very good organ for transplantation.The 20 year old cornea may have defects that simply haven't become apparent yet. 
B) The 20 year old cornea-younger is always better when dealing with tissue transplants.You want to give the transplant the longest possible time for survival in the recipient. 
C) The 20 year old cornea-while extremely rare, it may be possible to transmit prions through corneal transplants.It's less likely that a 20 year old would have encountered and become contaminated by prions than the 60 year old. 
D) The 20 year old cornea-never mind prions, there are a variety of agents that can hide in corneal tissues and that might cause disease.It's far more likely that the 60 year old would be harboring one or more of these pathogens than the 20 year old. 
A) The 60 year old-clearly, if the individual has gone 60 years with no optical defects, this is a very good organ for transplantation.The 20 year old cornea may have defects that simply haven't become apparent yet. 
B) The 20 year old cornea-younger is always better when dealing with tissue transplants.You want to give the transplant the longest possible time for survival in the recipient. 
C) The 20 year old cornea-while extremely rare, it may be possible to transmit prions through corneal transplants.It's less likely that a 20 year old would have encountered and become contaminated by prions than the 60 year old. 
D) The 20 year old cornea-never mind prions, there are a variety of agents that can hide in corneal tissues and that might cause disease.It's far more likely that the 60 year old would be harboring one or more of these pathogens than the 20 year old.

Question 7

Food contaminated with C.botulinum often

Accepted Answer

A) looks odd. 
B) smells bad. 
C) tastes bad. 
D) appears normal. 
A) looks odd. 
B) smells bad. 
C) tastes bad. 
D) appears normal.

Question 8

Why can an infection in the brain's ventricles usually be detected in spinal fluid obtained from the lower back (lumbar region)?

Accepted Answer

A) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originates in the ventricles, but percolates over and around the brain and spinal cord. 
B) There is a high degree of vascularity that exists, allowing easy transfer of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood. 
C) There is a set of lymph nodes specifically in place to drain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles.They are housed in the lumbar region of the spinal column, adjacent to the spinal cord. 
D) This is an incorrect statement.Since the central nervous system (CNS) is a protected site due to the blood-brain barrier, there can never BE an infection in the ventricles. 
A) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originates in the ventricles, but percolates over and around the brain and spinal cord. 
B) There is a high degree of vascularity that exists, allowing easy transfer of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood. 
C) There is a set of lymph nodes specifically in place to drain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles.They are housed in the lumbar region of the spinal column, adjacent to the spinal cord. 
D) This is an incorrect statement.Since the central nervous system (CNS) is a protected site due to the blood-brain barrier, there can never BE an infection in the ventricles.

Question 9

Epidemics of meningitis appear to involve

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B) Haemophilus influenzae. 
C) Neisseria meningitidis. 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes. 
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B) Haemophilus influenzae. 
C) Neisseria meningitidis. 
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 10

Which of the following agents travel up the nerves to penetrate the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A) rabies 
B) herpes simplex 
C) tetanus toxin 
D) polio 
E) rabies, herpes simplex AND tetanus toxin 
A) rabies 
B) herpes simplex 
C) tetanus toxin 
D) polio 
E) rabies, herpes simplex AND tetanus toxin

Question 11

The only known human pathogen that preferentially attacks the peripheral nerves is

Accepted Answer

A) N.meningitidis. 
B) polio virus. 
C) E.coli. 
D) M.leprae. 
A) N.meningitidis. 
B) polio virus. 
C) E.coli. 
D) M.leprae.

Question 12

The principal mode of transmission of rabies is through

Accepted Answer

A) blood. 
B) fomites. 
C) saliva. 
D) pus. 
A) blood. 
B) fomites. 
C) saliva. 
D) pus.

Question 13

Death from botulism is usually due to respiratory paralysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Painful spasms of the throat triggered by swallowing or the sight of water is called

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophobia. 
B) hydrophagia. 
C) tetany. 
D) paralysis. 
A) hydrophobia. 
B) hydrophagia. 
C) tetany. 
D) paralysis.

Question 15

Which is true about prions?

Accepted Answer

A) They cause a degenerative brain condition. 
B) They are naked pieces of RNA. 
C) They are made of DNA and protein. 
D) They are a normal brain protein that has folded differently. 
E) They cause a degenerative brain condition AND they are a normal brain protein that has folded differently. 
A) They cause a degenerative brain condition. 
B) They are naked pieces of RNA. 
C) They are made of DNA and protein. 
D) They are a normal brain protein that has folded differently. 
E) They cause a degenerative brain condition AND they are a normal brain protein that has folded differently.

Question 16

Mycobacterium leprae is only grown in living cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

To determine the causative agent of a CNS infection, a sample is taken from the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) arterial blood. 
C) venous blood. 
D) urine. 
A) cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) arterial blood. 
C) venous blood. 
D) urine.

Question 18

The more severe form of African sleeping sickness is called the

Accepted Answer

A) Gambian form. 
B) Rhodesian form. 
C) Guyanan form. 
D) Brazilian form. 
A) Gambian form. 
B) Rhodesian form. 
C) Guyanan form. 
D) Brazilian form.

Question 19

Intestinal botulism, especially in infants, has been linked to ingestion of

Accepted Answer

A) seafood. 
B) milk. 
C) applesauce. 
D) honey. 
A) seafood. 
B) milk. 
C) applesauce. 
D) honey.

Question 20

Which is true of listeriosis?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a foodborne disease. 
B) It may result in meningitis. 
C) It is usually asymptomatic in healthy people. 
D) It is caused by an organism that can grow at refrigerator temperatures. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) It is a foodborne disease. 
B) It may result in meningitis. 
C) It is usually asymptomatic in healthy people. 
D) It is caused by an organism that can grow at refrigerator temperatures. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Exam 26: Nervous System Infections

The limited type of leprosy in which cell-mediated immunity suppresses proliferation of the bacilli is called

The menigococcus attach to the mucus membrane via

The transmission of leprosy is by

Meningoencephalitis and African sleeping sickness are both caused by protozoans.

African sleeping sickness is transmitted by

You're a famous eye surgeon, specializing in corneal transplants. Give your choice, would you rather have a cornea for transplantation from a 20 year old individual, or a 60 year old individual (assuming there are no optical defects due to age), and why?

Food contaminated with C.botulinum often

Why can an infection in the brain's ventricles usually be detected in spinal fluid obtained from the lower back (lumbar region)?

Epidemics of meningitis appear to involve

Which of the following agents travel up the nerves to penetrate the CNS?

The only known human pathogen that preferentially attacks the peripheral nerves is

The principal mode of transmission of rabies is through

Death from botulism is usually due to respiratory paralysis.

Painful spasms of the throat triggered by swallowing or the sight of water is called

Which is true about prions?

Mycobacterium leprae is only grown in living cells.

To determine the causative agent of a CNS infection, a sample is taken from the

The more severe form of African sleeping sickness is called the

Intestinal botulism, especially in infants, has been linked to ingestion of

Which is true of listeriosis?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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