Question 1

In higher organisms, successful mating can occur between members of the same

Accepted Answer

A) genus. 
B) species. 
C) class. 
D) order. 
A) genus. 
B) species. 
C) class. 
D) order. B

Question 2

The name Lactococcus (Streptococcus) lactis

Accepted Answer

A) indicates that the subgenus is Streptococcus. 
B) indicates that the family is Lactococcus. 
C) indicates that Streptococcus is the old genus name. 
D) indicates that Lactococcus is the old class name. 
A) indicates that the subgenus is Streptococcus. 
B) indicates that the family is Lactococcus. 
C) indicates that Streptococcus is the old genus name. 
D) indicates that Lactococcus is the old class name. C

Question 3

When DNA probes are used to identify bacterial DNA similarities by hybridization, the probe DNA is heated and the template DNA is treated to separate the 2 strands. Why would the probe DNA be heated?

Accepted Answer

A) This is the only way to properly label the probe DNA. 
B) The probe DNA is single-stranded, but it may have folded back on itself and formed portions that are double-stranded.Heating it up breaks any possible hydrogen bonds that may have formed, returning it to a single-stranded state prior to hybridization. 
C) Heating it up activates the tag on the probe DNA before it hybridizes to the bacterial template DNA. 
D) DNA hybridization can only take place at high temperatures, so all the DNA must be heated up prior to hybridization. 
A) This is the only way to properly label the probe DNA. 
B) The probe DNA is single-stranded, but it may have folded back on itself and formed portions that are double-stranded.Heating it up breaks any possible hydrogen bonds that may have formed, returning it to a single-stranded state prior to hybridization. 
C) Heating it up activates the tag on the probe DNA before it hybridizes to the bacterial template DNA. 
D) DNA hybridization can only take place at high temperatures, so all the DNA must be heated up prior to hybridization. B

Question 4

Media that changes color as a result of the biochemical activity of growing bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) usually contain a pH indicator in the media. 
B) usually contain blood. 
C) usually require the addition of various reagents before the color is evident. 
D) is due to a breakdown of a colorless reagent. 
A) usually contain a pH indicator in the media. 
B) usually contain blood. 
C) usually require the addition of various reagents before the color is evident. 
D) is due to a breakdown of a colorless reagent.

Question 5

The three domain systems consist of Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The three domain classification scheme uses

Accepted Answer

A) order, phylum, class. 
B) plants, animals, bacteria. 
C) protista, prokaryotae, fungaea. 
D) Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya. 
A) order, phylum, class. 
B) plants, animals, bacteria. 
C) protista, prokaryotae, fungaea. 
D) Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya.

Question 7

Which technique(s) is/are used to help identify and classify bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) microscopic examination 
B) culture characteristics 
C) biochemical tests 
D) nucleic acid analysis 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) microscopic examination 
B) culture characteristics 
C) biochemical tests 
D) nucleic acid analysis 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The more closely related two organisms are,

Accepted Answer

A) the less they look alike. 
B) the more similar the nucleic acid sequence. 
C) the less similar the nucleic acid sequence. 
D) the more they are phenotypically similar. 
E) the more similar the nucleic acid sequence AND the more they are phenotypically similar. 
A) the less they look alike. 
B) the more similar the nucleic acid sequence. 
C) the less similar the nucleic acid sequence. 
D) the more they are phenotypically similar. 
E) the more similar the nucleic acid sequence AND the more they are phenotypically similar.

Question 9

The ticks of a genetic clock are measured by the

Accepted Answer

A) number of random mutations. 
B) number of dead cells. 
C) amount of RNA. 
D) amount of DNA. 
A) number of random mutations. 
B) number of dead cells. 
C) amount of RNA. 
D) amount of DNA.

Question 10

To study the phylogeny of eukaryotes

Accepted Answer

A) 16S rRNA is used. 
B) 34S rRNA is used. 
C) 80S rRNA is used. 
D) 18S rRNA is used. 
A) 16S rRNA is used. 
B) 34S rRNA is used. 
C) 80S rRNA is used. 
D) 18S rRNA is used.

Question 11

The point at which two organisms diverged from a common ancestor

Accepted Answer

A) can be determined by comparing the nucleic acid sequences. 
B) depends on translational control. 
C) depends on metabolism. 
D) is determined on MacConkeys media. 
A) can be determined by comparing the nucleic acid sequences. 
B) depends on translational control. 
C) depends on metabolism. 
D) is determined on MacConkeys media.

Question 12

The relatedness of organisms determined by counting common characteristics is called

Accepted Answer

A) evolutionary taxonomy. 
B) amino acid sequences. 
C) DNA sequences. 
D) numerical taxonomy. 
E) suggests the organisms are very closely related at the species level AND means the GC content is 45%. 
A) evolutionary taxonomy. 
B) amino acid sequences. 
C) DNA sequences. 
D) numerical taxonomy. 
E) suggests the organisms are very closely related at the species level AND means the GC content is 45%.

Question 13

Phylogenetic relationships between prokaryotes are most accurately determined using

Accepted Answer

A) phenotypic characterizations. 
B) genotypic information. 
C) the fossil record. 
D) carbon dating. 
E) phenotypic characterizations AND genotypic information. 
A) phenotypic characterizations. 
B) genotypic information. 
C) the fossil record. 
D) carbon dating. 
E) phenotypic characterizations AND genotypic information.

Question 14

Explain the difference between a biotype and a serotype.

Accepted Answer

A) A biotype is the living type of microorganism identified, while the serotype is an individual's type of blood serum. 
B) A biotype is the type of biological environment a microbe will grow in, while the serotype is the type of blood serum that the microbe can grow in. 
C) A biotype is the particular phenotypic traits and characteristic structures of a biological microorganism, while the serotype is the list of molecules the microbe is able to make and secrete into the serum of an infected individual. 
D) A biotype is the biochemical profile of a particular microorganism, while the serotype is the difference in its surface structures/antigens that will lead to separate immune responses from an organism (characterized by presence of different antibodies in the individual's serum). 
A) A biotype is the living type of microorganism identified, while the serotype is an individual's type of blood serum. 
B) A biotype is the type of biological environment a microbe will grow in, while the serotype is the type of blood serum that the microbe can grow in. 
C) A biotype is the particular phenotypic traits and characteristic structures of a biological microorganism, while the serotype is the list of molecules the microbe is able to make and secrete into the serum of an infected individual. 
D) A biotype is the biochemical profile of a particular microorganism, while the serotype is the difference in its surface structures/antigens that will lead to separate immune responses from an organism (characterized by presence of different antibodies in the individual's serum).

Question 15

Intracellular Gram-negative diplococci found in a urethral sample from a male is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A) E.coli. 
B) Pseudomonas. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Neisseria gonorrhea. 
A) E.coli. 
B) Pseudomonas. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Neisseria gonorrhea.

Question 16

The reference for taxonomic descriptions of bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A) Gray's Anatomy. 
B) Websters Manual of Taxonomic Bacteriology. 
C) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 
D) Bacteriology. 
A) Gray's Anatomy. 
B) Websters Manual of Taxonomic Bacteriology. 
C) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 
D) Bacteriology.

Question 17

A sample must contain many microorganisms in order to see any using microscopy techniques. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) The area on a microscope slide is very large compared to the relative size of microbes, and you take a very small amount of your sample to place on the slide surface.Therefore, you must have a large number of microbes initially in the culture to increase the chances that you'll come across one or more when looking at the slide surface through the magnifying lenses of the microscope. 
B) Bacteria are very small, of course.If you don't have a LOT of them, how are you going to see them? 
C) This is false-microscopy allows us to magnify a specimen to the point where we would be able to visualize even just a few microbes on the surface of the slide.As such, even if there are only a few microbes in a sample, we could easily visualize them with a microscope. 
D) Microscopes only magnify what's on the slide.If you don't have a lot of microbes on the slide surface, you can't magnify the specimen enough to see them as individual cells. 
A) The area on a microscope slide is very large compared to the relative size of microbes, and you take a very small amount of your sample to place on the slide surface.Therefore, you must have a large number of microbes initially in the culture to increase the chances that you'll come across one or more when looking at the slide surface through the magnifying lenses of the microscope. 
B) Bacteria are very small, of course.If you don't have a LOT of them, how are you going to see them? 
C) This is false-microscopy allows us to magnify a specimen to the point where we would be able to visualize even just a few microbes on the surface of the slide.As such, even if there are only a few microbes in a sample, we could easily visualize them with a microscope. 
D) Microscopes only magnify what's on the slide.If you don't have a lot of microbes on the slide surface, you can't magnify the specimen enough to see them as individual cells.

Question 18

A selective growth medium

Accepted Answer

A) allows only certain bacteria to grow. 
B) allows all bacteria to grow. 
C) allows no bacteria to grow. 
D) accentuates differences between the growing bacteria. 
A) allows only certain bacteria to grow. 
B) allows all bacteria to grow. 
C) allows no bacteria to grow. 
D) accentuates differences between the growing bacteria.

Question 19

Gram-positive encapsulated diplococci found in sputum is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A) E.coli. 
B) Pseudomonas. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Neisseria gonorrhea. 
A) E.coli. 
B) Pseudomonas. 
C) Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D) Neisseria gonorrhea.

Question 20

All known species of bacteria are described in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

In higher organisms, successful mating can occur between members of the same

The name Lactococcus (Streptococcus) lactis

When DNA probes are used to identify bacterial DNA similarities by hybridization, the probe DNA is heated and the template DNA is treated to separate the 2 strands. Why would the probe DNA be heated?

Media that changes color as a result of the biochemical activity of growing bacteria

The three domain systems consist of Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya.

The three domain classification scheme uses

Which technique(s) is/are used to help identify and classify bacteria?

The more closely related two organisms are,

The ticks of a genetic clock are measured by the

To study the phylogeny of eukaryotes

The point at which two organisms diverged from a common ancestor

The relatedness of organisms determined by counting common characteristics is called

Phylogenetic relationships between prokaryotes are most accurately determined using

Explain the difference between a biotype and a serotype.

Intracellular Gram-negative diplococci found in a urethral sample from a male is indicative of

The reference for taxonomic descriptions of bacteria is

A sample must contain many microorganisms in order to see any using microscopy techniques. Why?

A selective growth medium

Gram-positive encapsulated diplococci found in sputum is indicative of

All known species of bacteria are described in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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