Question 1

The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in

Accepted Answer

A) 1900. 
B) 1950. 
C) 1965. 
D) 1977. 
E) 1989. 
A) 1900. 
B) 1950. 
C) 1965. 
D) 1977. 
E) 1989. D

Question 2

The vaccine that is stable to heat, has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) inactive vaccine. 
B) active vaccine. 
C) toxoid. 
D) peptide. 
A) inactive vaccine. 
B) active vaccine. 
C) toxoid. 
D) peptide. D

Question 3

Inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The serology test that may show the antigen-antibody complex as yellow-green under the microscope while using an ultraviolet light is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) radioimmunoassay. 
B) fluorescent antibody test. 
C) ELISA test. 
D) AIDS test. 
A) radioimmunoassay. 
B) fluorescent antibody test. 
C) ELISA test. 
D) AIDS test.

Question 5

Peptide vaccines have proven to be cheap and very immunogenic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Toxoids are used in vaccines against

Accepted Answer

A) Haemophilus influenza type b. 
B) diphtheria. 
C) herpes simplex type I. 
D) polio. 
E) diphtheria AND herpes simplex type I. 
A) Haemophilus influenza type b. 
B) diphtheria. 
C) herpes simplex type I. 
D) polio. 
E) diphtheria AND herpes simplex type I.

Question 7

Immunological tests may determine the presence of

Accepted Answer

A) only antibody. 
B) only antigen. 
C) antigen or antibody. 
D) neither antibody nor antigen. 
A) only antibody. 
B) only antigen. 
C) antigen or antibody. 
D) neither antibody nor antigen.

Question 8

Monoclonal antibodies may be used in the rapid diagnosis of

Accepted Answer

A) pregnancy. 
B) hepatitis. 
C) influenza. 
D) chlamydia. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) pregnancy. 
B) hepatitis. 
C) influenza. 
D) chlamydia. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Recombinant vaccines and inactivated vaccines typically require several shots to be effective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Why is a false positive more significant in HIV testing of patients than in screening donated blood for transfusions?

Accepted Answer

A) It isn't-both are equally dangerous/significant.False positives in PEOPLE can lead to psychological trauma, but false positives in BLOOD could lead to the useful blood being disposed. 
B) A false positive in a PERSON is easily re-testable.This makes it more significant, because we would simply quickly retest the person to verify their actual HIV status. 
C) A false positive in BLOOD is easily re-testable.This makes it less significant, because we would simply quickly retest the blood to verify its actual HIV status. 
D) This statement is backwards-false positives in blood testing are more significant.If the false positive rate is high and we don't realize it, we're more likely to dispose useful blood.This could lead to acute shortages of blood for patients that need transfusions. 
A) It isn't-both are equally dangerous/significant.False positives in PEOPLE can lead to psychological trauma, but false positives in BLOOD could lead to the useful blood being disposed. 
B) A false positive in a PERSON is easily re-testable.This makes it more significant, because we would simply quickly retest the person to verify their actual HIV status. 
C) A false positive in BLOOD is easily re-testable.This makes it less significant, because we would simply quickly retest the blood to verify its actual HIV status. 
D) This statement is backwards-false positives in blood testing are more significant.If the false positive rate is high and we don't realize it, we're more likely to dispose useful blood.This could lead to acute shortages of blood for patients that need transfusions.

Question 11

Injection of a single antigen usually results in production of

Accepted Answer

A) antibody to a single epitope. 
B) an antibody that recognizes several epitopes. 
C) additional antigen. 
D) a number of antibodies each recognizing a different epitope. 
A) antibody to a single epitope. 
B) an antibody that recognizes several epitopes. 
C) additional antigen. 
D) a number of antibodies each recognizing a different epitope.

Question 12

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Accepted Answer

A) direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B) complement fixation test. 
C) radioimmunoassay. 
D) indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
A) direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B) complement fixation test. 
C) radioimmunoassay. 
D) indirect fluorescent antibody tests.

Question 13

Monoclonal antibodies

Accepted Answer

A) are usually of different classes. 
B) usually recognize several epitopes. 
C) have the same variable regions. 
D) are always IgE. 
A) are usually of different classes. 
B) usually recognize several epitopes. 
C) have the same variable regions. 
D) are always IgE.

Question 14

If a positive reaction is last observed at a dilution of 1:256, the titer is

Accepted Answer

A) 128. 
B) 1/512. 
C) 1/256. 
D) 256. 
A) 128. 
B) 1/512. 
C) 1/256. 
D) 256.

Question 15

Blood for transfusion is frequently tested for AIDS by using the

Accepted Answer

A) complement fixation test. 
B) radioimmunoassay test. 
C) ELISA method. 
D) RIA test. 
A) complement fixation test. 
B) radioimmunoassay test. 
C) ELISA method. 
D) RIA test.

Question 16

Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A) acellular subunit 
B) whole cell attenuated 
C) adjuvant 
D) toxin 
A) acellular subunit 
B) whole cell attenuated 
C) adjuvant 
D) toxin

Question 17

The term vaccination

Accepted Answer

A) is a general term that would include the process of variolation. 
B) was coined by Jenner. 
C) was coined by Pasteur. 
D) comes from the Latin for cow, vacca. 
E) is a general term that would include the process of variolation, was coined by Pasteur AND comes from the Latin for cow, vacca. 
A) is a general term that would include the process of variolation. 
B) was coined by Jenner. 
C) was coined by Pasteur. 
D) comes from the Latin for cow, vacca. 
E) is a general term that would include the process of variolation, was coined by Pasteur AND comes from the Latin for cow, vacca.

Question 18

An immune complex is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) antigen combined with antigen. 
B) antigen combined with antibody. 
C) antibody combined with antibody. 
D) complement combined with LPS. 
A) antigen combined with antigen. 
B) antigen combined with antibody. 
C) antibody combined with antibody. 
D) complement combined with LPS.

Question 19

Alum is an adjuvant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Active immunity develops only after a natural infection and not after vaccination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: Applications of Immune Responses

The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in

The vaccine that is stable to heat, has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)

Inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots.

The serology test that may show the antigen-antibody complex as yellow-green under the microscope while using an ultraviolet light is known as the

Peptide vaccines have proven to be cheap and very immunogenic.

Toxoids are used in vaccines against

Immunological tests may determine the presence of

Monoclonal antibodies may be used in the rapid diagnosis of

Recombinant vaccines and inactivated vaccines typically require several shots to be effective.

Why is a false positive more significant in HIV testing of patients than in screening donated blood for transfusions?

Injection of a single antigen usually results in production of

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Monoclonal antibodies

If a positive reaction is last observed at a dilution of 1:256, the titer is

Blood for transfusion is frequently tested for AIDS by using the

Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?

The term vaccination

An immune complex is defined as

Alum is an adjuvant.

Active immunity develops only after a natural infection and not after vaccination.

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotes

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Infections

Nervous System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Hiv Disease and Complications of Immunodeficiency

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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