Question 1

A retrovirus such as HIV contains:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA and enzymes for its conversion 
B)  a double strand of DNA 
C)  many enzymes to limit budding of new virions 
D)  numerous mitochondria 
A)  RNA and enzymes for its conversion 
B)  a double strand of DNA 
C)  many enzymes to limit budding of new virions 
D)  numerous mitochondria A

Question 2

Opportunistic infection may develop when:

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry 
B)  a member of resident flora migrates and colonizes a new location in the body 
C)  host resistance increases,and the balance of resident flora is restored 
D)  contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested 
A)  pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry 
B)  a member of resident flora migrates and colonizes a new location in the body 
C)  host resistance increases,and the balance of resident flora is restored 
D)  contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested B

Question 3

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by:

Accepted Answer

A)  mosquitoes (bites) 
B)  inhaling contaminated particles 
C)  sexual intercourse 
D)  cysts in feces 
A)  mosquitoes (bites) 
B)  inhaling contaminated particles 
C)  sexual intercourse 
D)  cysts in feces D

Question 4

Inflamed tissue is likely to become infected because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system is not effective in inflamed tissue 
B)  the increased fluid and protein in the inflamed area supports microbial growth 
C)  phagocytes cannot penetrate the inflamed areas 
D)  capillaries are less permeable in the affected area 
A)  the immune system is not effective in inflamed tissue 
B)  the increased fluid and protein in the inflamed area supports microbial growth 
C)  phagocytes cannot penetrate the inflamed areas 
D)  capillaries are less permeable in the affected area

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT classified as a protozoan agent of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium vivax 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis 
C)  Tinea pedis 
D)  Entamoeba histolytica 
A)  Plasmodium vivax 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis 
C)  Tinea pedis 
D)  Entamoeba histolytica

Question 6

A bacterial endospore can:

Accepted Answer

A)  also be classified as an acid-fast bacterium 
B)  exist in latent form inside a host cell 
C)  reproduce very rapidly 
D)  survive high temperatures and dry environment 
A)  also be classified as an acid-fast bacterium 
B)  exist in latent form inside a host cell 
C)  reproduce very rapidly 
D)  survive high temperatures and dry environment

Question 7

Which of the following statements applies to Influenza A H1N1?

Accepted Answer

A)  It alters human chromosomes to cause manifestations. 
B)  It usually causes severe respiratory distress and high fever. 
C)  Complications are common in the elderly. 
D)  It contains genetic material from avian,swine,and human viruses. 
A)  It alters human chromosomes to cause manifestations. 
B)  It usually causes severe respiratory distress and high fever. 
C)  Complications are common in the elderly. 
D)  It contains genetic material from avian,swine,and human viruses.

Question 8

What does bacteremia refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  numerous pathogens circulating and reproducing in the blood 
B)  uncontrolled sepsis throughout the body 
C)  multiple infections,primary and secondary,established in the body 
D)  small numbers of microbes temporarily present in the blood 
A)  numerous pathogens circulating and reproducing in the blood 
B)  uncontrolled sepsis throughout the body 
C)  multiple infections,primary and secondary,established in the body 
D)  small numbers of microbes temporarily present in the blood

Question 9

The term nosocomial infection means :

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission involves an insect or animal host 
B)  acquired in a hospital or medical facility 
C)  transmitted by a fomite 
D)  spread by direct contact with secretions from an open lesion 
A)  transmission involves an insect or animal host 
B)  acquired in a hospital or medical facility 
C)  transmitted by a fomite 
D)  spread by direct contact with secretions from an open lesion

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT directly determine the virulence of a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  capacity for opportunism 
B)  production of toxins 
C)  ability to mutate 
D)  invasive qualities 
A)  capacity for opportunism 
B)  production of toxins 
C)  ability to mutate 
D)  invasive qualities

Question 11

Prions are transmitted by blood and:

Accepted Answer

A)  oral droplets on hands of food handlers 
B)  fomites 
C)  ingestion of contaminated meat 
D)  oral-fecal (cysts) 
A)  oral droplets on hands of food handlers 
B)  fomites 
C)  ingestion of contaminated meat 
D)  oral-fecal (cysts)

Question 12

Transmission of microbes by direct contact includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  touching a contaminated countertop 
B)  sexual intercourse 
C)  drinking contaminated water 
D)  inhaling dust-borne microbes 
A)  touching a contaminated countertop 
B)  sexual intercourse 
C)  drinking contaminated water 
D)  inhaling dust-borne microbes

Question 13

How do antiviral drugs act?

Accepted Answer

A)  interfering with cell wall development 
B)  decreasing cell membrane permeability 
C)  destroying new,immature viral particles 
D)  reducing the rate of viral replication 
A)  interfering with cell wall development 
B)  decreasing cell membrane permeability 
C)  destroying new,immature viral particles 
D)  reducing the rate of viral replication

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of interferons? They:

Accepted Answer

A)  block the invasion of pathogenic bacteria 
B)  reduce the inflammatory response to local infection 
C)  increase host cell resistance to viral invasion 
D)  may facilitate the spread of some cancer cells 
A)  block the invasion of pathogenic bacteria 
B)  reduce the inflammatory response to local infection 
C)  increase host cell resistance to viral invasion 
D)  may facilitate the spread of some cancer cells

Question 15

What are culture and sensitivity tests used for?

Accepted Answer

A)  to determine the type of microbe present in an exudate 
B)  to provide a specific medium that supports maximum microbial growth 
C)  to identify the causative microbe and the effective antimicrobial agent for it 
D)  to provide living host cells for microbes requiring such for replication 
A)  to determine the type of microbe present in an exudate 
B)  to provide a specific medium that supports maximum microbial growth 
C)  to identify the causative microbe and the effective antimicrobial agent for it 
D)  to provide living host cells for microbes requiring such for replication

Question 16

When do clinical signs of infection appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  as soon as pathogens penetrate the skin or mucous membrane 
B)  as soon as microbes begin to replicate 
C)  when the microbial colony is large enough to damage the host 
D)  after the immune system is activated 
A)  as soon as pathogens penetrate the skin or mucous membrane 
B)  as soon as microbes begin to replicate 
C)  when the microbial colony is large enough to damage the host 
D)  after the immune system is activated

Question 17

When an infectious disease is occurring globally at a higher rate than usual,it may be designated as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  sporadic occurrence 
B)  epidemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  emerging disease 
A)  sporadic occurrence 
B)  epidemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  emerging disease

Question 18

The principle of Universal Precautions is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  using disinfectants at all times to eliminate cross-infections 
B)  not touching any open or bleeding lesions 
C)  sterilizing all instruments and equipment after each use 
D)  assuming that all body fluids from all individuals are possible sources of infection 
A)  using disinfectants at all times to eliminate cross-infections 
B)  not touching any open or bleeding lesions 
C)  sterilizing all instruments and equipment after each use 
D)  assuming that all body fluids from all individuals are possible sources of infection

Question 19

The incubation period refers to the time period between:

Accepted Answer

A)  entry of the pathogen into the body and the first signs of infectious disease 
B)  the onset of the prodromal period and the peak of the acute infection 
C)  the onset of clinical signs and signs of recovery from infection 
D)  the acute period and establishment of chronic infection 
A)  entry of the pathogen into the body and the first signs of infectious disease 
B)  the onset of the prodromal period and the peak of the acute infection 
C)  the onset of clinical signs and signs of recovery from infection 
D)  the acute period and establishment of chronic infection

Question 20

Microbial mutation means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic information and some microbial characteristics have changed 
B)  pathogens become nonpathogens 
C)  the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate 
D)  the immune response to that microbe is strengthened 
A)  genetic information and some microbial characteristics have changed 
B)  pathogens become nonpathogens 
C)  the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate 
D)  the immune response to that microbe is strengthened

Exam 4: Infection

A retrovirus such as HIV contains:

Opportunistic infection may develop when:

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by:

Inflamed tissue is likely to become infected because:

Which of the following is NOT classified as a protozoan agent of disease?

A bacterial endospore can:

Which of the following statements applies to Influenza A H1N1?

What does bacteremia refer to?

The term nosocomial infection means :

Which of the following does NOT directly determine the virulence of a microbe?

Prions are transmitted by blood and:

Transmission of microbes by direct contact includes:

How do antiviral drugs act?

Which of the following is a function of interferons? They:

What are culture and sensitivity tests used for?

When do clinical signs of infection appear?

When an infectious disease is occurring globally at a higher rate than usual,it may be designated as a/an:

The principle of Universal Precautions is based on:

The incubation period refers to the time period between:

Microbial mutation means that:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Neoplasms

Fluid,electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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