Question 1

Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elderly patients are predisposed to secondary infections. 
B)  The virus is transmitted by numerous routes. 
C)  The virus is very difficult to destroy. 
D)  Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections. 
A)  Elderly patients are predisposed to secondary infections. 
B)  The virus is transmitted by numerous routes. 
C)  The virus is very difficult to destroy. 
D)  Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections. D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  TB bacilli are spread by oral droplet. 
B)  TB bacilli multiply rapidly under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months. 
D)  Active TB can be prevented by good host resistance. 
A)  TB bacilli are spread by oral droplet. 
B)  TB bacilli multiply rapidly under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months. 
D)  Active TB can be prevented by good host resistance. C

Question 3

The central chemoreceptors are normally most sensitive to:

Accepted Answer

A)  low oxygen level 
B)  low concentration of hydrogen ions 
C)  elevated oxygen level 
D)  elevated carbon dioxide level 
A)  low oxygen level 
B)  low concentration of hydrogen ions 
C)  elevated oxygen level 
D)  elevated carbon dioxide level D

Question 4

Whenever PO2 levels decrease below normal,then PCO2 levels:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease also 
C)  may or may not change 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease also 
C)  may or may not change

Question 5

Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced pressure of the abdominal organs on the diaphragm 
B)  depression of the vomiting center by anesthetics and analgesics 
C)  depression of the cough and swallow reflexes by drugs 
D)  lack of food intake for the previous 24 hours 
A)  reduced pressure of the abdominal organs on the diaphragm 
B)  depression of the vomiting center by anesthetics and analgesics 
C)  depression of the cough and swallow reflexes by drugs 
D)  lack of food intake for the previous 24 hours

Question 6

Pleurisy associated with lobar pneumonia is manifested by:

Accepted Answer

A)  rales and hemoptysis 
B)  severe dyspnea,fever and chills 
C)  cyclic chest pain and friction rub 
D)  productive cough with rusty sputum 
A)  rales and hemoptysis 
B)  severe dyspnea,fever and chills 
C)  cyclic chest pain and friction rub 
D)  productive cough with rusty sputum

Question 7

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

Accepted Answer

A)  expiratory reserve volume 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  total lung capacity 
D)  vital capacity 
A)  expiratory reserve volume 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  total lung capacity 
D)  vital capacity

Question 8

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28)
PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45)
Serum pH 7.0

Accepted Answer

A)  compensated metabolic acidosis 
B)  decompensated metabolic acidosis 
C)  compensated respiratory acidosis 
D)  decompensated respiratory acidosis 
A)  compensated metabolic acidosis 
B)  decompensated metabolic acidosis 
C)  compensated respiratory acidosis 
D)  decompensated respiratory acidosis

Question 9

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infection in infant under 12 months 
B)  viral infection in child,3 months to 3 years 
C)  bacterial infection in infant under 6 months 
D)  bacterial infection in child,3-7 years 
A)  viral infection in infant under 12 months 
B)  viral infection in child,3 months to 3 years 
C)  bacterial infection in infant under 6 months 
D)  bacterial infection in child,3-7 years

Question 10

Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive tuberculin skin test 
B)  occurrence of hemoptysis 
C)  sputum containing TB bacilli 
D)  small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray 
A)  a positive tuberculin skin test 
B)  occurrence of hemoptysis 
C)  sputum containing TB bacilli 
D)  small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray

Question 11

Laryngotracheobronchitis is typically manifested by:

Accepted Answer

A)  drooling and difficulty swallowing 
B)  hoarse voice and barking cough 
C)  sore and scratchy throat with fever 
D)  wheezing and dyspnea 
A)  drooling and difficulty swallowing 
B)  hoarse voice and barking cough 
C)  sore and scratchy throat with fever 
D)  wheezing and dyspnea

Question 12

What are common signs of cor pulmonale?

Accepted Answer

A)  rales and rhonchi 
B)  paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 
C)  secondary polycythemia and cyanosis 
D)  hepatomegaly and edema in the legs 
A)  rales and rhonchi 
B)  paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 
C)  secondary polycythemia and cyanosis 
D)  hepatomegaly and edema in the legs

Question 13

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)is caused by a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Mycoplasma 
C)  Influenza virus 
D)  Coronavirus 
A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Mycoplasma 
C)  Influenza virus 
D)  Coronavirus

Question 14

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  deficit of gastric enzymes for protein digestion 
B)  mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes 
C)  lack of available treatment for steatorrhea 
D)  abnormal salivary secretions 
A)  deficit of gastric enzymes for protein digestion 
B)  mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes 
C)  lack of available treatment for steatorrhea 
D)  abnormal salivary secretions

Question 15

With a tension pneumothorax,which factors contribute to severe hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing compression of the inferior vena cava 
B)  more air leaving the pleural cavity on expiration than enters with inspiration 
C)  shift of the mediastinal contents toward the affected lung 
D)  continually increasing pressure on the unaffected lung 
A)  decreasing compression of the inferior vena cava 
B)  more air leaving the pleural cavity on expiration than enters with inspiration 
C)  shift of the mediastinal contents toward the affected lung 
D)  continually increasing pressure on the unaffected lung

Question 16

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:

Accepted Answer

A)  serous nasal discharge and chronic cough 
B)  copious frothy sputum and dyspnea 
C)  severe localized pain and tenderness in the face 
D)  fetid breath and sore throat 
A)  serous nasal discharge and chronic cough 
B)  copious frothy sputum and dyspnea 
C)  severe localized pain and tenderness in the face 
D)  fetid breath and sore throat

Question 17

Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

Accepted Answer

A)  mural thrombus from the left ventricle 
B)  thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries 
C)  thrombus forming in the femoral veins 
D)  a blood clot in the pulmonary vein 
A)  mural thrombus from the left ventricle 
B)  thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries 
C)  thrombus forming in the femoral veins 
D)  a blood clot in the pulmonary vein

Question 18

How is respiratory failure defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  cessation of respiratory function 
B)  inability to increase respiratory function during increased activity 
C)  the presence of slow,irregular respirations 
D)  PaO2 less than 50 mm Hg or PaCO2 greater than 50 mm Hg 
A)  cessation of respiratory function 
B)  inability to increase respiratory function during increased activity 
C)  the presence of slow,irregular respirations 
D)  PaO2 less than 50 mm Hg or PaCO2 greater than 50 mm Hg

Question 19

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidneys secreting more bicarbonate ions 
B)  the kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions 
C)  the kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions 
D)  an increase in respiratory rate 
A)  the kidneys secreting more bicarbonate ions 
B)  the kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions 
C)  the kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions 
D)  an increase in respiratory rate

Question 20

Mediastinal flutter associated with chest injury is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause pulmonary edema 
B)  cause hypocapnia 
C)  increase lung expansion 
D)  decrease venous return to the heart 
A)  cause pulmonary edema 
B)  cause hypocapnia 
C)  increase lung expansion 
D)  decrease venous return to the heart

Exam 19: Respiratory Disorders

Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The central chemoreceptors are normally most sensitive to:

Whenever PO2 levels decrease below normal,then PCO2 levels:

Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

Pleurisy associated with lobar pneumonia is manifested by:

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) Serum pH 7.0

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?

Laryngotracheobronchitis is typically manifested by:

What are common signs of cor pulmonale?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)is caused by a/an:

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

With a tension pneumothorax,which factors contribute to severe hypoxia?

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:

Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

How is respiratory failure defined?

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Mediastinal flutter associated with chest injury is likely to:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

Neoplasms

Fluid,electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Filters

Whenever PO₂ levels decrease below normal,then PCO₂ levels:

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO₂ 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) Serum pH 7.0