Question 1

Uncontrolled essential hypertension may cause chronic renal failure because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  predisposition to recurrent urinary tract infections 
B)  damage to afferent arterioles and renal ischemia 
C)  failure of tubules to respond to hormonal controls 
D)  glomerular congestion causes damaged capillaries 
A)  predisposition to recurrent urinary tract infections 
B)  damage to afferent arterioles and renal ischemia 
C)  failure of tubules to respond to hormonal controls 
D)  glomerular congestion causes damaged capillaries B

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary hypertension 
B)  chronic renal failure 
C)  acute renal failure 
D)  increased renin and aldosterone secretions 
A)  secondary hypertension 
B)  chronic renal failure 
C)  acute renal failure 
D)  increased renin and aldosterone secretions C

Question 3

Which of the following describes the flow of filtrate in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  the collecting duct to the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis 
B)  Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle 
C)  the loop of Henle to the collecting duct to Bowman's capsule 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct 
A)  the collecting duct to the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis 
B)  Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle 
C)  the loop of Henle to the collecting duct to Bowman's capsule 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct B

Question 4

Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrotic syndrome 
B)  cystitis 
C)  glomerulonephritis 
D)  urolithiasis 
A)  nephrotic syndrome 
B)  cystitis 
C)  glomerulonephritis 
D)  urolithiasis

Question 5

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis,the inflammation causes:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries 
B)  glomerular congestion and decreased GFR 
C)  decreased blood pressure and edema 
D)  a,b 
E)  a,c 
A)  increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries 
B)  glomerular congestion and decreased GFR 
C)  decreased blood pressure and edema 
D)  a,b 
E)  a,c

Question 6

What is the primary reason for hypocalcemia developing during end-stage renal failure or uremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased parathyroid hormone secretion 
B)  insufficient calcium in the diet 
C)  excessive excretion of calcium ions in the urine 
D)  a deficit of activated vitamin D and hyperphosphatemia 
A)  decreased parathyroid hormone secretion 
B)  insufficient calcium in the diet 
C)  excessive excretion of calcium ions in the urine 
D)  a deficit of activated vitamin D and hyperphosphatemia

Question 7

Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

A)  renin 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  angiotensin 
D)  antidiuretic hormone 
A)  renin 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  angiotensin 
D)  antidiuretic hormone

Question 8

Which of the following causes acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  polycystic kidney disease 
B)  pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
C)  nephrosclerosis 
D)  bilateral acute glomerulonephritis 
A)  polycystic kidney disease 
B)  pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
C)  nephrosclerosis 
D)  bilateral acute glomerulonephritis

Question 9

What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of tubule function 
B)  increased blood pressure 
C)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  increased GFR 
A)  loss of tubule function 
B)  increased blood pressure 
C)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  increased GFR

Question 10

Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidney is displaced from its normal position 
B)  it is a genetic defect and asymptomatic until mid-life 
C)  the two functioning kidneys are fused together 
D)  one kidney provides more than adequate function 
A)  the kidney is displaced from its normal position 
B)  it is a genetic defect and asymptomatic until mid-life 
C)  the two functioning kidneys are fused together 
D)  one kidney provides more than adequate function

Question 11

Which of the following indicates the early stage of acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  polyuria with urine a fixed,low specific gravity 
B)  hypotension and increased urine output 
C)  development of decompensated acidosis 
D)  very low GFR and increased serum urea 
A)  polyuria with urine a fixed,low specific gravity 
B)  hypotension and increased urine output 
C)  development of decompensated acidosis 
D)  very low GFR and increased serum urea

Question 12

What is the common initial sign of adenocarcinoma of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  gross hematuria 
B)  microscopic hematuria 
C)  sharp flank pain 
D)  oliguria 
A)  gross hematuria 
B)  microscopic hematuria 
C)  sharp flank pain 
D)  oliguria

Question 13

Which disease would cause an increased ASO titer and elevated serum ASK?

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrotic syndrome 
B)  acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 
C)  pyelonephritis 
D)  polycystic kidney 
A)  nephrotic syndrome 
B)  acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 
C)  pyelonephritis 
D)  polycystic kidney

Question 14

In a case of acute pyelonephritis,what is the cause of flank pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  inflammation,causing ischemia in the tubules 
B)  inflammation,stretching the renal capsule 
C)  increasing glomerular permeability,creating an increased volume of filtrate in the kidney 
D)  microbes irritating the tissues 
A)  inflammation,causing ischemia in the tubules 
B)  inflammation,stretching the renal capsule 
C)  increasing glomerular permeability,creating an increased volume of filtrate in the kidney 
D)  microbes irritating the tissues

Question 15

When a respiratory infection with high fever is present in the body,how would the kidney tubules maintain normal pH of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the flow of filtrate. 
B)  Secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  Excrete a larger volume of more dilute urine. 
D)  Retain more potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions. 
A)  Increase the flow of filtrate. 
B)  Secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  Excrete a larger volume of more dilute urine. 
D)  Retain more potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions.

Question 16

What would be the long-term effects of chronic infection or inflammation of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydration and hypovolemia 
B)  gradual necrosis,fibrosis,and development of uremia 
C)  sudden anuria and azotemia 
D)  severe back or flank pain 
A)  dehydration and hypovolemia 
B)  gradual necrosis,fibrosis,and development of uremia 
C)  sudden anuria and azotemia 
D)  severe back or flank pain

Question 17

Which of the following describes the correct flow of blood in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule 
B)  efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries 
C)  peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule 
D)  afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole 
A)  afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule 
B)  efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries 
C)  peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule 
D)  afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole

Question 18

From the following,choose the substance likely to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin 
B)  urea 
C)  sodium 
D)  creatinine 
A)  albumin 
B)  urea 
C)  sodium 
D)  creatinine

Question 19

Which of the following functions would be impaired when tubular epithelial cells have been damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  adjusting the specific gravity of the urine 
B)  reabsorbing the plasma proteins 
C)  secreting renin 
D)  exchanging sodium ions for bicarbonate ions 
A)  adjusting the specific gravity of the urine 
B)  reabsorbing the plasma proteins 
C)  secreting renin 
D)  exchanging sodium ions for bicarbonate ions

Question 20

Why does blood pressure often remain near normal in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Massive amounts of fluid are lost from the body with polyuria. 
B)  Renin and aldosterone are no longer secreted. 
C)  Tubules do not respond to ADH and aldosterone. 
D)  Hypoproteinemia results in significant fluid shift to the interstitial compartment. 
A)  Massive amounts of fluid are lost from the body with polyuria. 
B)  Renin and aldosterone are no longer secreted. 
C)  Tubules do not respond to ADH and aldosterone. 
D)  Hypoproteinemia results in significant fluid shift to the interstitial compartment.

Exam 21: Urinary System Disorders

Uncontrolled essential hypertension may cause chronic renal failure because of:

Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?

Which of the following describes the flow of filtrate in the kidney?

Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis,the inflammation causes:

What is the primary reason for hypocalcemia developing during end-stage renal failure or uremia?

Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?

Which of the following causes acute renal failure?

What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?

Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:

Which of the following indicates the early stage of acute renal failure?

What is the common initial sign of adenocarcinoma of the kidney?

Which disease would cause an increased ASO titer and elevated serum ASK?

In a case of acute pyelonephritis,what is the cause of flank pain?

When a respiratory infection with high fever is present in the body,how would the kidney tubules maintain normal pH of body fluids?

What would be the long-term effects of chronic infection or inflammation of the kidneys?

Which of the following describes the correct flow of blood in the kidney?

From the following,choose the substance likely to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.

Which of the following functions would be impaired when tubular epithelial cells have been damaged?

Why does blood pressure often remain near normal in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

Neoplasms

Fluid,electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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