Question 1

Which term refers to a stiff hyperextended neck associated with irritation of spinal nerve roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  nystagmus 
B)  ptosis 
C)  nuchal rigidity 
D)  spastic quadriplegia 
A)  nystagmus 
B)  ptosis 
C)  nuchal rigidity 
D)  spastic quadriplegia C

Question 2

What does a vegetative state refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression of the RAS and inability to initiate action 
B)  loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function 
C)  continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move 
D)  disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness 
A)  depression of the RAS and inability to initiate action 
B)  loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function 
C)  continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move 
D)  disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness B

Question 3

What would be the effect of infarction owing to obstruction in the right anterior cerebral artery?

Accepted Answer

A)  some visual loss 
B)  sensory deficit involving the upper body 
C)  aphasia 
D)  contralateral weakness in the leg,impaired spatial relationships 
A)  some visual loss 
B)  sensory deficit involving the upper body 
C)  aphasia 
D)  contralateral weakness in the leg,impaired spatial relationships D

Question 4

Which of the following conditions is NOT part of the criteria for a declaration of "brain death"?

Accepted Answer

A)  no activity on EEG 
B)  absence of all reflexes 
C)  no spontaneous respirations 
D)  presence of any head injury 
A)  no activity on EEG 
B)  absence of all reflexes 
C)  no spontaneous respirations 
D)  presence of any head injury

Question 5

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

Accepted Answer

A)  unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome 
B)  weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs 
C)  ascending paralysis commencing in the legs 
D)  skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck 
A)  unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome 
B)  weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs 
C)  ascending paralysis commencing in the legs 
D)  skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck

Question 6

With regard to meningitis,choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

Accepted Answer

A)  E.coli: elderly 
B)  H.influenza: neonate 
C)  N.meningitides: children and youth 
D)  S.pneumoniae: young children 
A)  E.coli: elderly 
B)  H.influenza: neonate 
C)  N.meningitides: children and youth 
D)  S.pneumoniae: young children

Question 7

What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia in a person with cervical spinal injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  unexpected drop in blood pressure and apnea 
B)  sudden marked increase in blood pressure with bradycardia 
C)  hyperreflexia in the arms and legs 
D)  urinary and bowel incontinence 
A)  unexpected drop in blood pressure and apnea 
B)  sudden marked increase in blood pressure with bradycardia 
C)  hyperreflexia in the arms and legs 
D)  urinary and bowel incontinence

Question 8

Following a head injury,what is the most likely cause of secondary damage to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  hematoma or infection 
B)  laceration by foreign objects 
C)  hypoxia or acidosis 
D)  tearing of blood vessels as the brain rotates across the inside of the skull 
A)  hematoma or infection 
B)  laceration by foreign objects 
C)  hypoxia or acidosis 
D)  tearing of blood vessels as the brain rotates across the inside of the skull

Question 9

What are significant signs of acute bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  severe headache,nuchal rigidity,and photophobia 
B)  fatigue and lethargy,fever,and anorexia 
C)  focal signs,such as progressive paralysis in a limb 
D)  ascending paralysis beginning in the legs 
A)  severe headache,nuchal rigidity,and photophobia 
B)  fatigue and lethargy,fever,and anorexia 
C)  focal signs,such as progressive paralysis in a limb 
D)  ascending paralysis beginning in the legs

Question 10

Which statement best describes herniation resulting from increased intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of brain tissue into ventricles 
B)  movement of brain stem upward 
C)  pushing of excess CSF and blood down around the spinal cord 
D)  displacement of brain tissue downward toward the spinal cord 
A)  movement of brain tissue into ventricles 
B)  movement of brain stem upward 
C)  pushing of excess CSF and blood down around the spinal cord 
D)  displacement of brain tissue downward toward the spinal cord

Question 11

What is the usual result of damage to the right occipital lobe?

Accepted Answer

A)  left eye is blind 
B)  loss of left visual field 
C)  right eye is blind 
D)  visual loss in the medial half of each eye 
A)  left eye is blind 
B)  loss of left visual field 
C)  right eye is blind 
D)  visual loss in the medial half of each eye

Question 12

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a CVA?

Accepted Answer

A)  right ventricle of the heart 
B)  femoral vein 
C)  common carotid artery 
D)  pulmonary artery 
A)  right ventricle of the heart 
B)  femoral vein 
C)  common carotid artery 
D)  pulmonary artery

Question 13

As intracranial pressure rises,the pupil of the eye,ipsilateral to the lesion,becomes dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  optic nerve 
B)  PNS fibers in cranial nerve III 
C)  SNS nerve to the eye 
D)  occipital lobe 
A)  optic nerve 
B)  PNS fibers in cranial nerve III 
C)  SNS nerve to the eye 
D)  occipital lobe

Question 14

Which of the following applies to the corticospinal tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an ascending tract. 
B)  The nerve fibers conduct sensory impulses. 
C)  It is an extrapyramidal tract. 
D)  It is a pyramidal tract for efferent impulses. 
A)  It is an ascending tract. 
B)  The nerve fibers conduct sensory impulses. 
C)  It is an extrapyramidal tract. 
D)  It is a pyramidal tract for efferent impulses.

Question 15

An epidural hematoma is located between the:

Accepted Answer

A)  dura mater and the arachnoid mater 
B)  dura mater and the skull 
C)  arachnoid mater and the pia mater 
D)  pia mater and the brain 
A)  dura mater and the arachnoid mater 
B)  dura mater and the skull 
C)  arachnoid mater and the pia mater 
D)  pia mater and the brain

Question 16

Which statement is TRUE about tetanus infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a virus. 
B)  Infection usually develops in deep puncture wounds. 
C)  It causes flaccid skeletal muscles,impairing mobility. 
D)  It affects peripheral nerves initially in the legs and feet. 
A)  It is caused by a virus. 
B)  Infection usually develops in deep puncture wounds. 
C)  It causes flaccid skeletal muscles,impairing mobility. 
D)  It affects peripheral nerves initially in the legs and feet.

Question 17

Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  between the double layers of the dura mater 
B)  in the subdural space 
C)  in the subarachnoid space 
D)  through the arachnoid villi 
A)  between the double layers of the dura mater 
B)  in the subdural space 
C)  in the subarachnoid space 
D)  through the arachnoid villi

Question 18

What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation 
B)  low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates 
C)  systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate 
D)  immediate depression of the cardiac control centers 
A)  increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation 
B)  low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates 
C)  systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate 
D)  immediate depression of the cardiac control centers

Question 19

In cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome,what does the pathophysiology include?

Accepted Answer

A)  damage and loss of function in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and medulla 
B)  encephalopathy with disorientation,headache,and coma 
C)  infection and inflammation of the motor cortex 
D)  inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves,leading to ascending paralysis 
A)  damage and loss of function in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and medulla 
B)  encephalopathy with disorientation,headache,and coma 
C)  infection and inflammation of the motor cortex 
D)  inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves,leading to ascending paralysis

Question 20

Following an injury at L2 to L3,what would indicate recovery from spinal shock?

Accepted Answer

A)  spastic paraplegia 
B)  urinary retention 
C)  labile body temperature 
D)  increased sensation in the legs 
A)  spastic paraplegia 
B)  urinary retention 
C)  labile body temperature 
D)  increased sensation in the legs

Exam 22: Acute Neurological Disorders

Which term refers to a stiff hyperextended neck associated with irritation of spinal nerve roots?

What does a vegetative state refer to?

What would be the effect of infarction owing to obstruction in the right anterior cerebral artery?

Which of the following conditions is NOT part of the criteria for a declaration of "brain death"?

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

With regard to meningitis,choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia in a person with cervical spinal injury?

Following a head injury,what is the most likely cause of secondary damage to the brain?

What are significant signs of acute bacterial meningitis?

Which statement best describes herniation resulting from increased intracranial pressure?

What is the usual result of damage to the right occipital lobe?

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a CVA?

As intracranial pressure rises,the pupil of the eye,ipsilateral to the lesion,becomes dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:

Which of the following applies to the corticospinal tract?

An epidural hematoma is located between the:

Which statement is TRUE about tetanus infection?

Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?

What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?

In cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome,what does the pathophysiology include?

Following an injury at L2 to L3,what would indicate recovery from spinal shock?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

Neoplasms

Fluid,electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Chronic Neurologic Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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