Question 1

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities. 
B)  All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys. 
C)  The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant. 
D)  The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20. 
A)  Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities. 
B)  All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys. 
C)  The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant. 
D)  The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20. D

Question 2

Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult's body:

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  45% 
C)  60% 
D)  70% 
A)  30% 
B)  45% 
C)  60% 
D)  70% C

Question 3

The control centre for thirst is located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys 
B)  thalamus 
C)  medulla 
D)  hypothalamus 
A)  kidneys 
B)  thalamus 
C)  medulla 
D)  hypothalamus D

Question 4

When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal,water would shift from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  blood into the cells 
B)  interstitial compartment into the cells 
C)  interstitial compartment into the blood 
D)  cells into the interstitial compartment 
A)  blood into the cells 
B)  interstitial compartment into the cells 
C)  interstitial compartment into the blood 
D)  cells into the interstitial compartment

Question 5

What is the slowest,but most effective control for acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory system 
B)  buffer systems in the blood 
C)  kidneys 
D)  brain 
A)  respiratory system 
B)  buffer systems in the blood 
C)  kidneys 
D)  brain

Question 6

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

Accepted Answer

A)  perspiration only 
B)  feces only 
C)  perspiration and expiration 
D)  urine and feces 
A)  perspiration only 
B)  feces only 
C)  perspiration and expiration 
D)  urine and feces

Question 7

Prolonged diarrhea results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions leading to metabolic acidosis 
B)  increased fluid and serum bicarbonate ions leading to metabolic acidosis 
C)  loss of chloride ions only,leading to metabolic alkalosis 
D)  surplus bicarbonate ions,leading to respiratory alkalosis 
A)  loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions leading to metabolic acidosis 
B)  increased fluid and serum bicarbonate ions leading to metabolic acidosis 
C)  loss of chloride ions only,leading to metabolic alkalosis 
D)  surplus bicarbonate ions,leading to respiratory alkalosis

Question 8

Which of the following is a manifestation of respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  bradycardia 
B)  drowsiness 
C)  muscle twitches 
D)  decreased urine pH 
A)  bradycardia 
B)  drowsiness 
C)  muscle twitches 
D)  decreased urine pH

Question 9

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system helps maintain serum pH.The balance of the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion levels are controlled by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  liver and pancreas 
B)  lungs and kidneys 
C)  lungs and plasma proteins 
D)  kidneys and bone marrow 
A)  liver and pancreas 
B)  lungs and kidneys 
C)  lungs and plasma proteins 
D)  kidneys and bone marrow

Question 10

Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

When excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body,serum:

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate ion levels decrease 
B)  bicarbonate ion levels increase 
C)  carbonic acid levels increase 
D)  pH increases 
A)  bicarbonate ion levels decrease 
B)  bicarbonate ion levels increase 
C)  carbonic acid levels increase 
D)  pH increases

Question 12

Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by:

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking normal nerve conduction 
B)  increasing the permeability of nerve membranes 
C)  blocking movement of calcium ions 
D)  depressing inhibitory actions 
A)  blocking normal nerve conduction 
B)  increasing the permeability of nerve membranes 
C)  blocking movement of calcium ions 
D)  depressing inhibitory actions

Question 13

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid excess 
B)  fluid deficit 
C)  increased sodium level 
D)  decreased erythrocytes 
A)  fluid excess 
B)  fluid deficit 
C)  increased sodium level 
D)  decreased erythrocytes

Question 14

What does acidosis cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  CNS hyperexcitability and nervousness 
B)  hypokalemia 
C)  CNS depression and drowsiness 
D)  hypernatremia 
A)  CNS hyperexcitability and nervousness 
B)  hypokalemia 
C)  CNS depression and drowsiness 
D)  hypernatremia

Question 15

Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  serum H+ levels 
D)  serum K+ levels 
A)  ADH 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  serum H+ levels 
D)  serum K+ levels

Question 16

Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased osmotic pressure 
B)  decreased osmotic pressure 
C)  increased hydrostatic pressure 
D)  decreased hydrostatic pressure 
A)  increased osmotic pressure 
B)  decreased osmotic pressure 
C)  increased hydrostatic pressure 
D)  decreased hydrostatic pressure

Question 17

Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased ADH 
B)  decreased aldosterone 
C)  slow,strong heart contraction 
D)  peripheral vasodilation 
A)  increased ADH 
B)  decreased aldosterone 
C)  slow,strong heart contraction 
D)  peripheral vasodilation

Question 18

When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood,what happens to serum pH? The pH:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases 
B)  increases 
C)  remains constant 
A)  decreases 
B)  increases 
C)  remains constant

Question 19

In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component?

Accepted Answer

A)  bone metabolism 
B)  metabolic processes involving ATP 
C)  blood clotting 
D)  acid-base balance 
A)  bone metabolism 
B)  metabolic processes involving ATP 
C)  blood clotting 
D)  acid-base balance

Question 20

Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight)in an adult male's body:

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  20% 
C)  10% 
D)  4% 
A)  30% 
B)  20% 
C)  10% 
D)  4%

Exam 6: Fluid,electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult's body:

The control centre for thirst is located in the:

When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal,water would shift from the:

What is the slowest,but most effective control for acid-base balance?

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

Prolonged diarrhea results in:

Which of the following is a manifestation of respiratory alkalosis?

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system helps maintain serum pH.The balance of the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion levels are controlled by the:

Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?

When excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body,serum:

Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by:

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

What does acidosis cause?

Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?

Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?

Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:

When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood,what happens to serum pH? The pH:

In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component?

Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight)in an adult male's body:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

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Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

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Disorders of the Eye and Ear

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