Question 1

The best description of a myelomeningocele is:

Accepted Answer

A)  asymptomatic failure of the posterior spinous processes of the vertebrae to fuse 
B)  herniation of the meninges and CSF through a vertebral defect 
C)  herniation of the meninges,CSF,and spinal cord or nerves through a vertebral defect 
D)  herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the cranium 
A)  asymptomatic failure of the posterior spinous processes of the vertebrae to fuse 
B)  herniation of the meninges and CSF through a vertebral defect 
C)  herniation of the meninges,CSF,and spinal cord or nerves through a vertebral defect 
D)  herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the cranium C

Question 2

From the following,choose the two events (in correct sequence)that immediately follow the aura during a tonic-clonic event:

Accepted Answer

A)  prodromal signs,then the clonic stage 
B)  clonic stage,then the tonic stage 
C)  loss of consciousness,then the tonic stage 
D)  loss of consciousness and cessation of respiration 
A)  prodromal signs,then the clonic stage 
B)  clonic stage,then the tonic stage 
C)  loss of consciousness,then the tonic stage 
D)  loss of consciousness and cessation of respiration C

Question 3

Which of the following is the most common cause of brain damage in children with cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  hypoglycemia 
C)  hypoxia 
D)  trauma 
A)  hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  hypoglycemia 
C)  hypoxia 
D)  trauma C

Question 4

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs 
B)  a cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles 
C)  alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles 
D)  cessation of all skeletal muscle activity 
A)  a sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs 
B)  a cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles 
C)  alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles 
D)  cessation of all skeletal muscle activity

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?

Accepted Answer

A)  the localization of the seizure activity 
B)  the uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres 
C)  seizures that persist for several hours 
D)  loss of consciousness and all motor function 
A)  the localization of the seizure activity 
B)  the uncontrolled discharge of neurons in both hemispheres 
C)  seizures that persist for several hours 
D)  loss of consciousness and all motor function

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of advanced Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty chewing and swallowing 
B)  urinary retention 
C)  loss of vision 
D)  orthostatic hypotension 
A)  difficulty chewing and swallowing 
B)  urinary retention 
C)  loss of vision 
D)  orthostatic hypotension

Question 7

Which statement applies to Huntington's disease? It:

Accepted Answer

A)  is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait 
B)  is manifested in individuals by age 20 years 
C)  presents with choreiform movements in the upper body and decreased ability to concentrate 
D)  causes decreased levels of all neurotransmitters in the CNS 
A)  is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait 
B)  is manifested in individuals by age 20 years 
C)  presents with choreiform movements in the upper body and decreased ability to concentrate 
D)  causes decreased levels of all neurotransmitters in the CNS

Question 8

Which statement is TRUE about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive function remains normal. 
B)  ALS affects primarily young women. 
C)  Sensory neurons are damaged initially. 
D)  Cause of death is usually a cardiac arrhythmia. 
A)  Cognitive function remains normal. 
B)  ALS affects primarily young women. 
C)  Sensory neurons are damaged initially. 
D)  Cause of death is usually a cardiac arrhythmia.

Question 9

All of the following are typical signs of hydrocephalus in the neonate EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  enlarged head with bulging fontanels 
B)  vomiting,headache,and paralysis 
C)  irritability and feeding difficulties 
D)  eyes are turned downward with sclerae showing above the pupils 
A)  enlarged head with bulging fontanels 
B)  vomiting,headache,and paralysis 
C)  irritability and feeding difficulties 
D)  eyes are turned downward with sclerae showing above the pupils

Question 10

The defective gene for Huntington's disease can be detected in carriers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following applies to Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Onset occurs in men and women over 60 years of age. 
B)  There is a strong genetic component. 
C)  The majority of cases are predisposed by intake of antipsychotic medications. 
D)  It rarely develops in women. 
A)  Onset occurs in men and women over 60 years of age. 
B)  There is a strong genetic component. 
C)  The majority of cases are predisposed by intake of antipsychotic medications. 
D)  It rarely develops in women.

Question 12

What are the characteristic changes in the brain with Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  cortical atrophy with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles,impairing conduction 
B)  increased ACH and decreased GABA and serotonin levels 
C)  obstruction of many small arteries and arterioles throughout the cerebral cortex 
D)  vacuoles forming in the neurons,rapidly destroying them 
A)  cortical atrophy with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles,impairing conduction 
B)  increased ACH and decreased GABA and serotonin levels 
C)  obstruction of many small arteries and arterioles throughout the cerebral cortex 
D)  vacuoles forming in the neurons,rapidly destroying them

Question 13

What is the typical initial effect of a herniated intervertebral disc at the L4 to L5 level?

Accepted Answer

A)  back pain and weakness at waist level 
B)  muscle weakness in both legs 
C)  lower back pain radiating down the leg 
D)  urinary incontinence 
A)  back pain and weakness at waist level 
B)  muscle weakness in both legs 
C)  lower back pain radiating down the leg 
D)  urinary incontinence

Question 14

Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  remissions and exacerbations 
B)  predictable pattern of progression in all patients 
C)  onset in men and women more than 60 years of age 
D)  full recovery of function during remissions 
A)  remissions and exacerbations 
B)  predictable pattern of progression in all patients 
C)  onset in men and women more than 60 years of age 
D)  full recovery of function during remissions

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a common contributing factor to AIDS dementia?

Accepted Answer

A)  invasion of the central nervous system by HIV 
B)  development of arteriosclerosis 
C)  secondary toxoplasmosis infection 
D)  development of cerebral lymphoma 
A)  invasion of the central nervous system by HIV 
B)  development of arteriosclerosis 
C)  secondary toxoplasmosis infection 
D)  development of cerebral lymphoma

Question 16

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait 
B)  infection in the brain by HIV 
C)  an autoimmune reaction that damages nerve receptors 
D)  infection in the brain by a prion 
A)  inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait 
B)  infection in the brain by HIV 
C)  an autoimmune reaction that damages nerve receptors 
D)  infection in the brain by a prion

Question 17

Which type of seizure commonly occurs in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized absence 
B)  tonic-clonic 
C)  focal 
D)  complex partial 
A)  generalized absence 
B)  tonic-clonic 
C)  focal 
D)  complex partial

Question 18

Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  demyelination of axons 
B)  it affects the brain,spinal cord,and cranial nerves 
C)  it affects motor,sensory,and autonomic fibers 
D)  progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves 
A)  demyelination of axons 
B)  it affects the brain,spinal cord,and cranial nerves 
C)  it affects motor,sensory,and autonomic fibers 
D)  progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves

Question 19

Which of the following are typical characteristics associated with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized thought processes,short attention span,delusions 
B)  lack of energy and motivation,poor concentration,insomnia 
C)  hyperventilation,tachycardia,intense anxiety 
D)  memory loss,mood swings,hostile behavior 
A)  disorganized thought processes,short attention span,delusions 
B)  lack of energy and motivation,poor concentration,insomnia 
C)  hyperventilation,tachycardia,intense anxiety 
D)  memory loss,mood swings,hostile behavior

Question 20

Which statement is TRUE about the condition depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is classified as a mood disorder. 
B)  Episodes of intense fear are recurrent. 
C)  It is marked by periods of sadness,hopelessness and inability to concentrate. 
D)  a,b 
E)  a,c 
A)  It is classified as a mood disorder. 
B)  Episodes of intense fear are recurrent. 
C)  It is marked by periods of sadness,hopelessness and inability to concentrate. 
D)  a,b 
E)  a,c

Exam 23: Chronic Neurologic Disorders

The best description of a myelomeningocele is:

From the following,choose the two events (in correct sequence)that immediately follow the aura during a tonic-clonic event:

Which of the following is the most common cause of brain damage in children with cerebral palsy?

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

Which of the following is characteristic of generalized seizures?

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of advanced Parkinson's disease?

Which statement applies to Huntington's disease? It:

Which statement is TRUE about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

All of the following are typical signs of hydrocephalus in the neonate EXCEPT:

The defective gene for Huntington's disease can be detected in carriers.

Which of the following applies to Parkinson's disease?

What are the characteristic changes in the brain with Alzheimer's disease?

What is the typical initial effect of a herniated intervertebral disc at the L4 to L5 level?

Which of the following is characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a common contributing factor to AIDS dementia?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by:

Which type of seizure commonly occurs in children?

Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

Which of the following are typical characteristics associated with schizophrenia?

Which statement is TRUE about the condition depression?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity and Abnormal Responses

Infection

Neoplasms

Fluid,electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Diseases Associated With Adolescence

Potential Complications of Pregnancy

Aging and Disease Processes

Effects of Immobility

The Influence of Stress

Pain

Substance Abuse

Environmental Hazards

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Blood and Lymphatic Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

Respiratory Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Acute Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Endocrine Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Skin Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

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