Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

With ________________ a response is weakened following the presentation of an aversive stimulus.

According to the cognitive expectancy model,the effectiveness of classical conditioning depends upon how well the CS predicts the UCS.

A patient starts chemotherapy and becomes ill each time after he receives it.After a few weeks of treatment,he develops anticipatory nausea at the mere sight of the waiting room at the hospital.In this instance,the unconditioned response would be considered the ___________________..

The process in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after being paired with an already-established conditioned stimulus is called:

The text discussed an experiment in which rats were exposed to x-rays that were paired with sweet water,a light,and a buzzer.The x-rays made the rats ill and the researchers wanted to know which stimuli would become associated with the illness.The results revealed that the rats avoided only the sweet water.The findings from this experiment were used to demonstrate the concept of ___________.

Antecedents play a significant role in operant conditioning because they:

This type of conditioning occurs when an organism learns to prevent exposure to an aversive stimulus altogether.The is ___________ conditioning.

When the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus,the conditioned response will gradually weaken in a process called:

Some individuals appear to develop posttraumatic stress disorder following trauma while others do not.This appears to be associated with:

The fact that exposure to stimulating environments seems to slow down the declines in cognitive functioning that usually occur in late adulthood best demonstrates how ___________.

Negative side effects of using _____________ to control behaviour include that it evokes negative emotions,it doesn't necessarily cause the organism to forget the undesired response,and it may serve to set an unintentional example that such aggressive behaviour is acceptable.

Research on aversion therapy has yielded mixed results since the changes produced are often:

Edward Thorndike proposed that a response that was followed by a satisfying consequence was more likely to occur.This was termed as Thorndike's law of____________.

When the Navy trains visually acute pigeons to peck at the sight of orange (the colour of life preservers)in order to have the pigeons assist with search and rescue missions,it is making use of the principles of ___________ conditioning.

Operant conditioning is most concerned with emitted behaviours,while classical conditioning focuses more on ____________.

Which of the following statements about fear conditioning is FALSE?

You are conducting an experiment in which you are trying to manipulate the immune response of rats by using the principles of classical conditioning.First for several days of an experiment,you give rats artificially sweetened water with an immune system-enhancing drug in it.You later remove the drug and notice that the immune systems of rats are boosted when they consume the sweetened water.In your experiment,what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Cognitive learning theorists believe that the most important factor in learning through classical conditioning is:

Parents are interested in getting their son to play piano.In order to do this,they decide to reinforce him by paying him $1.00 for every hour that he practices.Shortly after this,the son decides that he also wants to learn how to play guitar and,since his parents are still paying him,he continues practicing both instruments.After a couple of months,the parents decide that the important thing is that their son is involved in music and so they quit paying him to practice the piano,whereupon the son gradually quits playing the piano and continues playing the guitar.The weakening and disappearance of the son's piano-playing behaviour would best be considered as an example of:

Which of the following is most related to the concept of instinctual drift?