Question 1

In operant conditioning,learning occurs because a behaviour is influenced by the:

Accepted Answer

A) extinction of a fixed action pattern. 
B) generalization of the conditioned stimulus. 
C) consequences it produces. 
D) stimuli with which it is associated . 
A) extinction of a fixed action pattern. 
B) generalization of the conditioned stimulus. 
C) consequences it produces. 
D) stimuli with which it is associated .

Question 2

Researchers have determined that classical conditioning occurs more rapidly when the ________ is more intense or aversive.

Accepted Answer

UCS or unc

Question 3

Veronica suffers from very painful headaches so she takes her headache medication regularly,regardless of whether she has a headache or not.As a function of taking her medication,she has no headaches.In operant conditioning terms,Veronica's is using __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) avoidance therapy 
D) extinction 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) avoidance therapy 
D) extinction

Question 4

Biological factors can influence learning as evidenced in the concepts of ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A) primary and secondary reinforcement 
B) positive and negative reinforcement 
C) escape and avoidance learning 
D) preparedness and instinctual drift 
A) primary and secondary reinforcement 
B) positive and negative reinforcement 
C) escape and avoidance learning 
D) preparedness and instinctual drift

Question 5

Thorndike's law of effect states that:

Accepted Answer

A) responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become more likely to occur. 
B) responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become less likely to occur. 
C) aversive consequences produce greater learning than do positive consequences. 
D) positive consequences produce greater learning than do negative consequences. 
A) responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become more likely to occur. 
B) responses followed by unsatisfying consequences will become less likely to occur. 
C) aversive consequences produce greater learning than do positive consequences. 
D) positive consequences produce greater learning than do negative consequences.

Question 6

Adaptive significance refers to how we learn and the processes by which our experiences influence our behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In _____________ conditioning,an organism learns an association between two stimuli,while in _____________ conditioning,the organism learns an association between behaviour and its consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _____________ conditioning,an organism learns an association...

Question 8

The field of ethology focuses on animal behaviour within natural environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A teenager refrains from using profanity when she is around her parents,who ground her when she swears.When her parents aren't around,she often uses "bad language." The suppression of the undesired behaviour doesn't generalize to other relevant situations and this is an example of a limitation of _________________.

Accepted Answer

A) punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) secondary reinforcement 
D) antecedents 
A) punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) secondary reinforcement 
D) antecedents

Question 10

Secondary reinforcers become reinforcers by being associated with discriminative stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A factor common to both behaviourists and ethologists in their study of learning is that:

Accepted Answer

A) they both did most of their research with nonhuman species. 
B) they both did most of their research with humans. 
C) they conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings. 
D) they conducted most of their research in naturalistic settings. 
A) they both did most of their research with nonhuman species. 
B) they both did most of their research with humans. 
C) they conducted most of their research in controlled laboratory settings. 
D) they conducted most of their research in naturalistic settings.

Question 12

Which of the following best demonstrates how learned taste aversions can be used to help animals?

Accepted Answer

A) A dog receives obedience training so that he learns to stay away from hazards. 
B) A dolphin is trained to patrol the waters around naval ships and search for intruders. 
C) A police dog is trained to use her sense of smell to locate bombs and illegal drugs. 
D) A coyote consumes sheep hide laced with nausea-inducing lithium chloride. 
A) A dog receives obedience training so that he learns to stay away from hazards. 
B) A dolphin is trained to patrol the waters around naval ships and search for intruders. 
C) A police dog is trained to use her sense of smell to locate bombs and illegal drugs. 
D) A coyote consumes sheep hide laced with nausea-inducing lithium chloride.

Question 13

If a conditioned stimulus has high stimulus generalization,then it will be triggered by several different stimuli,while if it has high discrimination,it will occur in response to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) a single stimulus 
B) a neutral stimulus 
C) several different stimuli 
D) a discriminative stimulus 
A) a single stimulus 
B) a neutral stimulus 
C) several different stimuli 
D) a discriminative stimulus

Question 14

A field of study,which is also known as behaviour modification,that combines a behavioural approach with the scientific method in order to solve individual and societal problems is called:

Accepted Answer

A) constructivism 
B) applied behaviour analysis 
C) psychosocial theory 
D) psychometrics 
A) constructivism 
B) applied behaviour analysis 
C) psychosocial theory 
D) psychometrics

Question 15

Escape and avoidance conditioning are often difficult to overcome because the behaviours created by these types of conditioning are ____________ reinforced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Escape and avoidance conditioning are often difficult...

Question 16

Punishment functions to decrease the likelihood of a behaviour,while negative reinforcement serves to __________ a behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) maintain 
B) increase the likelihood of 
C) weaken 
D) strengthen 
A) maintain 
B) increase the likelihood of 
C) weaken 
D) strengthen

Question 17

In a fourth-grade classroom,a teacher rewards his students for keeping their desks clean by awarding them stars for every day they do this.At the end of the school year,the stars can be redeemed for prizes such as colouring books or pencil sets.This teacher is using what is called a token economy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

conditioned an 11-month-old baby named Albert to fear a white rat by pairing it with a loud noise.Albert already feared the loud noise.After the conditioning had taken place,the researchers also found that Albert was afraid of furry white and grey objects,such as a rabbit and a Santa Claus mask.The fact that Albert was afraid of these additional items demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization had occurred. 
B) discrimination had occurred. 
C) extinction had occurred. 
D) higher-order conditioning had occurred. 
A) stimulus generalization had occurred. 
B) discrimination had occurred. 
C) extinction had occurred. 
D) higher-order conditioning had occurred.

Question 19

A reinforcement system designed to reinforce desired behaviours that utilizes such items as points or chips that can be redeemed later for tangible rewards is called:

Accepted Answer

A) a token economy. 
B) shaping. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) latent learning. 
A) a token economy. 
B) shaping. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) latent learning.

Question 20

Jeff's parents want him to study more.To do this,they tell him that if he studies two hours per night during the week,they will pay for him to go to the movies with a friend on the weekend.After a month,they notice that Jeff is studying more often and more consistently.According to the principles of operant conditioning,getting money to go to the movies would be a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcer. 
B) punishment. 
C) discriminative stimulus. 
D) unconditioned stimulus. 
A) reinforcer. 
B) punishment. 
C) discriminative stimulus. 
D) unconditioned stimulus.

In operant conditioning,learning occurs because a behaviour is influenced by the:

Researchers have determined that classical conditioning occurs more rapidly when the ________ is more intense or aversive.

Veronica suffers from very painful headaches so she takes her headache medication regularly,regardless of whether she has a headache or not.As a function of taking her medication,she has no headaches.In operant conditioning terms,Veronica's is using __________________.

Biological factors can influence learning as evidenced in the concepts of ___________________.

Thorndike's law of effect states that:

Adaptive significance refers to how we learn and the processes by which our experiences influence our behaviour.

In _ conditioning,an organism learns an association between two stimuli,while in _ conditioning,the organism learns an association between behaviour and its consequences.

The field of ethology focuses on animal behaviour within natural environments.

Secondary reinforcers become reinforcers by being associated with discriminative stimuli.

A factor common to both behaviourists and ethologists in their study of learning is that:

Which of the following best demonstrates how learned taste aversions can be used to help animals?

If a conditioned stimulus has high stimulus generalization,then it will be triggered by several different stimuli,while if it has high discrimination,it will occur in response to ____________.

A field of study,which is also known as behaviour modification,that combines a behavioural approach with the scientific method in order to solve individual and societal problems is called:

Escape and avoidance conditioning are often difficult to overcome because the behaviours created by these types of conditioning are ____________ reinforced.

Punishment functions to decrease the likelihood of a behaviour,while negative reinforcement serves to __________ a behaviour.

In a fourth-grade classroom,a teacher rewards his students for keeping their desks clean by awarding them stars for every day they do this.At the end of the school year,the stars can be redeemed for prizes such as colouring books or pencil sets.This teacher is using what is called a token economy.

A reinforcement system designed to reinforce desired behaviours that utilizes such items as points or chips that can be redeemed later for tangible rewards is called:

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

In operant conditioning,learning occurs because a behaviour is influenced by the:

Researchers have determined that classical conditioning occurs more rapidly when the ________ is more intense or aversive.

Veronica suffers from very painful headaches so she takes her headache medication regularly,regardless of whether she has a headache or not.As a function of taking her medication,she has no headaches.In operant conditioning terms,Veronica's is using __________________.

Biological factors can influence learning as evidenced in the concepts of ___________________.

Thorndike's law of effect states that:

Adaptive significance refers to how we learn and the processes by which our experiences influence our behaviour.

In _____________ conditioning,an organism learns an association between two stimuli,while in _____________ conditioning,the organism learns an association between behaviour and its consequences.

The field of ethology focuses on animal behaviour within natural environments.

Secondary reinforcers become reinforcers by being associated with discriminative stimuli.

A factor common to both behaviourists and ethologists in their study of learning is that:

Which of the following best demonstrates how learned taste aversions can be used to help animals?

If a conditioned stimulus has high stimulus generalization,then it will be triggered by several different stimuli,while if it has high discrimination,it will occur in response to ____________.

A field of study,which is also known as behaviour modification,that combines a behavioural approach with the scientific method in order to solve individual and societal problems is called:

Escape and avoidance conditioning are often difficult to overcome because the behaviours created by these types of conditioning are ____________ reinforced.

Punishment functions to decrease the likelihood of a behaviour,while negative reinforcement serves to __________ a behaviour.

In a fourth-grade classroom,a teacher rewards his students for keeping their desks clean by awarding them stars for every day they do this.At the end of the school year,the stars can be redeemed for prizes such as colouring books or pencil sets.This teacher is using what is called a token economy.

A reinforcement system designed to reinforce desired behaviours that utilizes such items as points or chips that can be redeemed later for tangible rewards is called:

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Filters

In _ conditioning,an organism learns an association between two stimuli,while in _ conditioning,the organism learns an association between behaviour and its consequences.