Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

An 11-year-old girl with an overactive immune system that attacks her own body receives a treatment in which cod liver oil is paired with an immune-suppressant drug.After these initial trials,she occasionally receives only cod liver oil (without the drug),yet her body still shows the desired impairment of functioning.According to the principles of classical conditioning,the immune suppressant drug would be considered the:

Using positive punishment to suppress behaviour can be disadvantageous because it can result in the person being punished avoiding the punisher.

Research applying the principles of classical conditioning to boost or suppress the immune system has found that:

Usually,learning through classical conditioning occurs more quickly with:

Imagine that you wish to condition a dog to salivate in response to particular song that you play on your CD player.Prior to beginning the learning trials,the song would be considered a(n)_________ stimulus

The concept of instinctual drift refers to:

A learning process in which the organism learns to associate two stimuli such that a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response is called:

Which of the following statements regarding operant extinction is true?

Under which of the following conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairing conditions does learning usually occur most quickly?

Snakes,closed spaces,wild animals,and airplanes are common sources of phobias for humans.Why might it be that humans are less often treated for phobias involving rainbows,smiles,or cheerful people?

When young animals are raised in "enriched" environments,they tend to have heavier brains with more dendrites and synapses and have higher concentrations of various neurotransmitters.Instances like these most clearly demonstrate how:

After becoming familiar with her local environment,a coyote learns to go to a specific stream for water when she is thirsty.She also tends to go to a particular shady area when the temperature is hot.These behaviours are best considered examples of:

When an operantly conditioned behaviour occurs in response to a new antecedent stimulus that is similar to the original antecedent stimulus,that behaviour is said to be under stimulus control.

Emily developed a phobia of snakes after a serious accident.According to classical conditioning,snakes would be considered an example of a:

Learning is typically slowest under which of the following conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus pairings.

Edward Thorndike based his "law of effect" on which of the following observations?

The most important ingredient in extinguishing a classically conditioned behaviour is the repeated presentation of the CS without the CR.

Shelley has noticed that if her dad is in good mood,he will usually praise her for working on her homework in the evening.If he isn't in a good mood,he doesn't do this.Based on the principles of operant conditioning,the mood of Shelley's dad signals when he will praise her for her homework and this is considered to be a(n)_________.

Studies have determined that variable schedules of reinforcement are ________ resistant to extinction than fixed schedules of reinforcement.

You are taking a shower in your dorm and you hear a toilet being flushed nearby.You briefly step out of the flow of water because you have learned that the water becomes very hot for a few moments after this happens.In this example,which of the following would be considered to be the discriminative stimulus?