Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

The decreasing response to a repeated stimulus is defined as:

Probably the most important contribution of Ivan Pavlov's work with dogs was that it:

The unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response are similar in that they both are concerned with:

According to operant conditioning,_____________ occurs when a consequence strengthens the behaviour it follows.

A child notices and watches an adult who is able to do something that she can't yet do.This child's behaviour best illustrates which of the following steps in the modelling process?

When the CS is presented repeatedly without the UCS,the CR will gradually weaken in a process called:

In classical conditioning,a behaviour changes because of an association that is learned ________ the behaviour occurs,but in operant conditioning,the behaviour is influenced by events that occur _________ it.

The psychologist Albert Bandura,a prominent researcher of observational learning,suggested that for organisms to learn from observation,they must first:

Mark just broke up with Deborah.He used to see Deborah every day at 11:30 between classes but he decides to take an alternative route so that he won't have to feel bad when he sees her.Having successfully avoided the negative feelings from seeing Deborah,he now takes the alternate route everyday.This is an example of:

Jackson,a dog,has learned that when he wants to go and chase birds in the backyard,he has to stand in front of the back porch door until his owner lets him out.Recently,Jackson's owner,Ismael,added an inner door to gain access to the back porch.Jackson must now push the inner door open,to be reinforced by the chance to stand at the back door,where his owner will open the door and let him out to chase birds.This behavioural process is called:

A teenager refrains from using profanity when she is around her parents,who ground her when she swears,but when her parents aren't around,she often uses "bad language." This example demonstrates a limitation of ___________ because the suppression of the undesired behaviour ____________ to other relevant situations.

When a response is strengthened by the subsequent presentation of a stimulus,this is called _________.

Shelley has noticed that if her dad is in good mood,he will usually praise her for working on her homework in the evening.If he isn't in a good mood,he does not praise her.Relative to the principles of operant conditioning,the mood of Shelley's dad would be considered a(n)_________,signalling when he will praise her for her homework.

Before pairing an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)with a conditioned stimulus (CS),the CS is considered a(n):

The process in which a response decreases the frequency of a behaviour by the subsequent removal of a stimulus is called:

Random drug tests and roadside speed traps would both be considered examples of the:

One way that operant extinction and response cost punishment are similar is that they both involve:

A trained dolphin will only do a particular trick when the trainer gives a specific hand signal.When the trainer gives different hand signals,the dolphin does other tricks,thus illustrating that the dolphin's behaviour is under stimulus control.The dolphin's behaviour also best illustrates which of the following?

Researchers in the field of operant conditioning have learned that ____________ reinforcement schedules are more resistant to extinction than ___________ reinforcement schedules.

Which of the following illustrates aversive (positive)punishment?