Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

This type of response,such as salivation,is automatically triggered when a stimuli has been associated with an impending important event.This is known as a ______________ response.

Habituation has __________________ because it allows organisms to learn NOT to respond to _____________ stimuli.

An instructor offers exams every 2 weeks throughout the term of her course.As a result,a sizeable percentage of the students in her class study very hard every 2 weeks and do little studying in between.This example is most similar to which partial reinforcement schedule? A _________________________ schedule.

A change in behaviour that results merely from repeated exposure to a stimulus is called _________,whereas __________ involves learning associations between events.

Once an avoidance response has been learned,it usually:

One similarity between punishment and operant extinction is that both:

Shaping is defined as the process in which:

Which of the following is most strongly related to the concept of instinctive drift?

When a response increases in frequency by the subsequent removal (or avoidance)of a stimulus,it is called:

Recent advances in computer and video technology have presented an innovative approach to treating anxiety disorders like phobias:

A reinforcement system that utilizes such things as points or chips that can be redeemed later for tangible rewards to reinforce desired behaviour is called:

According to the two-factor theory of avoidance learning,phobias are created through _____________ but are maintained through ____________.

A dog salivates in response to a tone.In this instance,the salivation would technically be considered a(n):

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired repeatedly with an already established CS.

Pat is attracted to Toby and they made a date for Friday night.However,when Pat picked Toby up,Toby was wearing a shirt very similar to one that Pat's ex-partner used to wear.Pat felt immediately less attracted to Toby.Toby's shirt acted as a(n)_________ for Pat and produced a CR.

Computer-assisted instruction programs provide immediate feedback to people about their learning and allow people to learn at their own pace.These programs are most strongly associated with which of the following?

Leah has a mild fear of heights.In order to deal with her anxiety,Leah goes to a park and practices walking closer to and eventually over a scary suspension bridge.She brings a friend along with her to distract and talk to her.After a few hours of gradual practice,Leah finds that she can go on the bridge without experiencing very much anxiety.Leah's new behaviour is most relevant to which of the following?

The period in classical conditioning during which a response is being learned is called:

Generally,reinforcement that immediately follows a behaviour has _____________________________________ when reinforcement is delayed following a behaviour.

Behaviour modification combines a behavioural approach with the scientific method in order to solve individual and societal problems,it is also known as the scientific area of _____________________________.