Question 1

When giving a sincere performance, a person _____; when giving a cynical performance, a person _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is not committed to succeeding; is committed to succeeding 
B)  is committed to succeeding; is not committed to succeeding 
C)  is not consciously aware that they are performing; is consciously aware that they are performing 
D)  is consciously aware that they are performing; is not consciously aware that they are performing 
A)  is not committed to succeeding; is committed to succeeding 
B)  is committed to succeeding; is not committed to succeeding 
C)  is not consciously aware that they are performing; is consciously aware that they are performing 
D)  is consciously aware that they are performing; is not consciously aware that they are performing

Question 2

Suke is uncertain about her ability to pass a French exam. She is spending quite a bit of time worrying about how her failure on the exam might reflect poorly on her. Suke is also an athlete, and the day before the test her friend invites her to run a marathon. The exam is in the early morning, and Suke knows that running the marathon would exhaust her, making it difficult to do well on the test. What does research suggest Suke will do?

Accepted Answer

A)  decline to run the marathon in order to be at her best for the exam 
B)  agree to run the marathon 
C)  become furious with her friend for suggesting such a thing 
D)  run the marathon, but ask for an extension to complete the exam on a different day 
A)  decline to run the marathon in order to be at her best for the exam 
B)  agree to run the marathon 
C)  become furious with her friend for suggesting such a thing 
D)  run the marathon, but ask for an extension to complete the exam on a different day

Question 3

Intrinsic self-esteem is based on _____, while extrinsic self-esteem is based on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  factors like physical appearance or social approval; enduring inner qualities 
B)  enduring inner qualities; factors like physical appearance or social approval 
C)  unconscious, stable factors; conscious, unstable factors 
D)  unconscious, stable factors; unconscious, stable factors 
A)  factors like physical appearance or social approval; enduring inner qualities 
B)  enduring inner qualities; factors like physical appearance or social approval 
C)  unconscious, stable factors; conscious, unstable factors 
D)  unconscious, stable factors; unconscious, stable factors

Question 4

What is the key idea behind cognitive dissonance theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  People base their self-esteem on cognitive assessments of their ability. 
B)  People are willing to distort reality in order to maintain a sense of themselves as inconsistent and flexible. 
C)  People experience an uncomfortable tension with inconsistencies in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. 
D)  People are highly sensitive to unexpected information coming from the environment. 
A)  People base their self-esteem on cognitive assessments of their ability. 
B)  People are willing to distort reality in order to maintain a sense of themselves as inconsistent and flexible. 
C)  People experience an uncomfortable tension with inconsistencies in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. 
D)  People are highly sensitive to unexpected information coming from the environment.

Question 5

List and briefly discuss at least three of the five primary factors which research shows affects the magnitude of dissonance.

Accepted Answer

People are more likely to feel strong di

Question 6

What is one likely reason why trauma and near-death experiences might cause some people to have positive outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Such experiences make one less dependent on other people. 
B)  These events can prompt one to focus less on trivial aspects of life and more on fundamental goals. 
C)  These events reveal that self-esteem is not really necessary or important. 
D)  Such experiences usually evoke challenge, rather than threat responses in individuals. 
A)  Such experiences make one less dependent on other people. 
B)  These events can prompt one to focus less on trivial aspects of life and more on fundamental goals. 
C)  These events reveal that self-esteem is not really necessary or important. 
D)  Such experiences usually evoke challenge, rather than threat responses in individuals.

Question 7

A classic study by Cialdini (1976) and colleagues on people's reactions to their college sports team showed that students were more likely to wear school apparel when the football team had recently won a game. This study BEST demonstrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-affirmation 
B)  compensation 
C)  symbolic self-completion 
D)  basking in reflected glory 
A)  self-affirmation 
B)  compensation 
C)  symbolic self-completion 
D)  basking in reflected glory

Question 8

A coherent life story connecting one's past, present, and possible future is referred to as (a) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept clarity 
B)  self-verification 
C)  self-complexity 
D)  self-narrative 
A)  self-concept clarity 
B)  self-verification 
C)  self-complexity 
D)  self-narrative

Question 9

What is the basic premise of symbolic self-completion theory? Give a hypothetical example of a phenomenon or situation that could be explained by this theory.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic self-completion theory suggests

Question 10

What does the contemporary state of research suggest about the relationship between culture and self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only individuals in individualist cultures care about self-esteem. 
B)  Only individuals in collectivist cultures care about self-esteem. 
C)  Only individuals in individualist cultures engage in self-serving biases like the better than average effect. 
D)  People in different cultures pursue self-esteem equally via different routes and standards. 
A)  Only individuals in individualist cultures care about self-esteem. 
B)  Only individuals in collectivist cultures care about self-esteem. 
C)  Only individuals in individualist cultures engage in self-serving biases like the better than average effect. 
D)  People in different cultures pursue self-esteem equally via different routes and standards.

Question 11

Self-compassion involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  seeking out others who share one's own self-view. 
B)  being in a situation where one's skills are equally matched to a challenge. 
C)  focusing on another aspect of the self when one fails in a particular aspect. 
D)  being kind to the self when one fails or feels inadequate. 
A)  seeking out others who share one's own self-view. 
B)  being in a situation where one's skills are equally matched to a challenge. 
C)  focusing on another aspect of the self when one fails in a particular aspect. 
D)  being kind to the self when one fails or feels inadequate.

Question 12

Compared to those low in self-monitoring, people high in self-monitoring:

Accepted Answer

A)  are better at giving cynical performances. 
B)  have more consistent behavior across situations. 
C)  have fewer friendships. 
D)  have more long-lasting romantic relationships. 
A)  are better at giving cynical performances. 
B)  have more consistent behavior across situations. 
C)  have fewer friendships. 
D)  have more long-lasting romantic relationships.

Question 13

Spreading of alternatives is a strategy that is relevant to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the free choice paradigm 
B)  all instances of dissonance reduction 
C)  the induced compliance paradigm 
D)  the trivialization strategy 
A)  the free choice paradigm 
B)  all instances of dissonance reduction 
C)  the induced compliance paradigm 
D)  the trivialization strategy

Question 14

Dikembe is on a first date. He is aware that the person he is going out with is very interested in people who are intelligent. Accordingly, Dikembe has spent the last week trying to brush up on works of classic literature and current events. During the first date, Dikembe is likely going to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-handicapping. 
B)  giving a sincere performance. 
C)  giving a cynical performance. 
D)  experiencing unstable self-esteem. 
A)  self-handicapping. 
B)  giving a sincere performance. 
C)  giving a cynical performance. 
D)  experiencing unstable self-esteem.

Question 15

According to research on self-verification, people who have positive views of themselves seek out others who _____, and people who have negative views of themselves seek out others who _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  have negative views of them; have negative views of them 
B)  have positive views of them; have positive views of them 
C)  have positive views of them; have negative views of them 
D)  have negative views of them; have positive views of them 
A)  have negative views of them; have negative views of them 
B)  have positive views of them; have positive views of them 
C)  have positive views of them; have negative views of them 
D)  have negative views of them; have positive views of them

Question 16

Jason was diagnosed with cancer when he was 30. Initially, he was devastated by the news, and fell into a deep depression. However, he started going to a cancer support group, and realized that there were many people far sicker and more alone than he was. Eventually, he changed the course of his life and dedicated himself to founding and running a charity to improve the lives of people with debilitating illness. Running this charity makes him happier than anything he ever did before. Jason's story is most clearly an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-verification. 
B)  a redemption story. 
C)  a contamination story. 
D)  self-complexity. 
A)  self-verification. 
B)  a redemption story. 
C)  a contamination story. 
D)  self-complexity.

Question 17

In a state of flow, the individual _____, while in a state of mindfulness, the individual _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is strongly self-focused; is strongly other-focused 
B)  is absorbed in an activity; is completely attentive to the present moment 
C)  is completely attentive to the present moment; is absorbed in an activity 
D)  is strongly other-focused; is strongly self-focused 
A)  is strongly self-focused; is strongly other-focused 
B)  is absorbed in an activity; is completely attentive to the present moment 
C)  is completely attentive to the present moment; is absorbed in an activity 
D)  is strongly other-focused; is strongly self-focused

Question 18

A movement in 1960s psychology that emphasized people's potential for self-actualization and growth, and which was inspired by certain psychoanalytic thinkers, was referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic psychology. 
B)  the dramaturgical perspective. 
C)  self-determination theory. 
D)  the self-esteem movement. 
A)  humanistic psychology. 
B)  the dramaturgical perspective. 
C)  self-determination theory. 
D)  the self-esteem movement.

Question 19

What are some of the more common strategies which research indicates people use to protect and enhance their self-esteem? What are some of the problems with these strategies? Do you think that any of them are healthier than any others?

Accepted Answer

Some common strategies that research ind

Question 20

When faced with a daunting situation, if a person believes their resources are adequate they experience _____, but if a person believes their resources are inadequate they experience _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  challenge; threat 
B)  threat; challenge 
C)  flow; growth 
D)  growth; flow 
A)  challenge; threat 
B)  threat; challenge 
C)  flow; growth 
D)  growth; flow

When giving a sincere performance, a person _; when giving a cynical performance, a person _.

Intrinsic self-esteem is based on _, while extrinsic self-esteem is based on _.

What is the key idea behind cognitive dissonance theory?

List and briefly discuss at least three of the five primary factors which research shows affects the magnitude of dissonance.

What is one likely reason why trauma and near-death experiences might cause some people to have positive outcomes?

A classic study by Cialdini (1976) and colleagues on people's reactions to their college sports team showed that students were more likely to wear school apparel when the football team had recently won a game. This study BEST demonstrates _____.

A coherent life story connecting one's past, present, and possible future is referred to as (a) _____.

What is the basic premise of symbolic self-completion theory? Give a hypothetical example of a phenomenon or situation that could be explained by this theory.

What does the contemporary state of research suggest about the relationship between culture and self-esteem?

Self-compassion involves:

Compared to those low in self-monitoring, people high in self-monitoring:

Spreading of alternatives is a strategy that is relevant to _____.

Dikembe is on a first date. He is aware that the person he is going out with is very interested in people who are intelligent. Accordingly, Dikembe has spent the last week trying to brush up on works of classic literature and current events. During the first date, Dikembe is likely going to be:

According to research on self-verification, people who have positive views of themselves seek out others who _, and people who have negative views of themselves seek out others who _.

In a state of flow, the individual _, while in a state of mindfulness, the individual _.

A movement in 1960s psychology that emphasized people's potential for self-actualization and growth, and which was inspired by certain psychoanalytic thinkers, was referred to as:

What are some of the more common strategies which research indicates people use to protect and enhance their self-esteem? What are some of the problems with these strategies? Do you think that any of them are healthier than any others?

When faced with a daunting situation, if a person believes their resources are adequate they experience _, but if a person believes their resources are inadequate they experience _.

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Exam 6: The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

When giving a sincere performance, a person _____; when giving a cynical performance, a person _____.

Intrinsic self-esteem is based on _____, while extrinsic self-esteem is based on _____.

What is the key idea behind cognitive dissonance theory?

List and briefly discuss at least three of the five primary factors which research shows affects the magnitude of dissonance.

What is one likely reason why trauma and near-death experiences might cause some people to have positive outcomes?

A classic study by Cialdini (1976) and colleagues on people's reactions to their college sports team showed that students were more likely to wear school apparel when the football team had recently won a game. This study BEST demonstrates _____.

A coherent life story connecting one's past, present, and possible future is referred to as (a) _____.

What is the basic premise of symbolic self-completion theory? Give a hypothetical example of a phenomenon or situation that could be explained by this theory.

What does the contemporary state of research suggest about the relationship between culture and self-esteem?

Self-compassion involves:

Compared to those low in self-monitoring, people high in self-monitoring:

Spreading of alternatives is a strategy that is relevant to _____.

Dikembe is on a first date. He is aware that the person he is going out with is very interested in people who are intelligent. Accordingly, Dikembe has spent the last week trying to brush up on works of classic literature and current events. During the first date, Dikembe is likely going to be:

According to research on self-verification, people who have positive views of themselves seek out others who _____, and people who have negative views of themselves seek out others who _____.

In a state of flow, the individual _____, while in a state of mindfulness, the individual _____.

A movement in 1960s psychology that emphasized people's potential for self-actualization and growth, and which was inspired by certain psychoanalytic thinkers, was referred to as:

What are some of the more common strategies which research indicates people use to protect and enhance their self-esteem? What are some of the problems with these strategies? Do you think that any of them are healthier than any others?

When faced with a daunting situation, if a person believes their resources are adequate they experience _____, but if a person believes their resources are inadequate they experience _____.

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

When giving a sincere performance, a person _; when giving a cynical performance, a person _.

Intrinsic self-esteem is based on _, while extrinsic self-esteem is based on _.

According to research on self-verification, people who have positive views of themselves seek out others who _, and people who have negative views of themselves seek out others who _.

In a state of flow, the individual _, while in a state of mindfulness, the individual _.

When faced with a daunting situation, if a person believes their resources are adequate they experience _, but if a person believes their resources are inadequate they experience _.