Question 1

What is a self-narrative? What are two of the most common self-narratives, according to research?

Accepted Answer

A self-narrative is a coherent life stor

Question 2

Self-handicapping refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  substituting state self-esteem for trait self-esteem in a situation. 
B)  placing obstacles in the way of one's success to protect self-esteem. 
C)  deliberately punishing oneself to compensate for a self-esteem-threatening failure. 
D)  associating with others who have negative views of oneself in order to maintain a negative self-view. 
A)  substituting state self-esteem for trait self-esteem in a situation. 
B)  placing obstacles in the way of one's success to protect self-esteem. 
C)  deliberately punishing oneself to compensate for a self-esteem-threatening failure. 
D)  associating with others who have negative views of oneself in order to maintain a negative self-view.

Question 3

Manal has decided that she would like to lose some weight in the coming month. She posts online that this is her goal for the month. What does research based on symbolic self-completion theory suggest will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Manal will successfully self-complete by losing weight. 
B)  Because she has self-completed through her online post, Manal may actually be less likely to lose much weight. 
C)  Manal will only successfully lose weight if she receives overwhelming support from her friends. 
D)  Manal will only successfully lose weight if she is generally ignored by her friends. 
A)  Manal will successfully self-complete by losing weight. 
B)  Because she has self-completed through her online post, Manal may actually be less likely to lose much weight. 
C)  Manal will only successfully lose weight if she receives overwhelming support from her friends. 
D)  Manal will only successfully lose weight if she is generally ignored by her friends.

Question 4

In a study (Aronson and Carlsmith 1963) conducted among preschoolers, children in which experimental condition were the most likely to change their attitudes towards a particular toy (which had initially been desirable) at the end of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  those who were not given an opportunity to play with the toy 
B)  those who had been told that the experimenter would be mildly annoyed if they played with the toy 
C)  those who had been told that the experimenter would be very angry if they played with the toy 
D)  those who played with the toy during the study 
A)  those who were not given an opportunity to play with the toy 
B)  those who had been told that the experimenter would be mildly annoyed if they played with the toy 
C)  those who had been told that the experimenter would be very angry if they played with the toy 
D)  those who played with the toy during the study

Question 5

People in individualist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _____, while people in collectivist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  almost all traits; almost no traits 
B)  almost no traits; almost all traits 
C)  traits like self-reliance; traits like loyalty 
D)  traits like loyalty; traits like self-reliance 
A)  almost all traits; almost no traits 
B)  almost no traits; almost all traits 
C)  traits like self-reliance; traits like loyalty 
D)  traits like loyalty; traits like self-reliance

Question 6

Arvind is depressed and does not really like himself. At his new school, there are two people who seem interested in being friends with him. One, Amanda, is generally positively disposed towards him and gives him compliments. The other, Lucas, seems to enjoy hanging out with Arvind but also is critical of him. Research suggests that Arvind:

Accepted Answer

A)  will prefer to associate with Amanda. 
B)  will prefer to associate with Lucas. 
C)  will want to equally associate with both Amanda and Lucas. 
D)  will not really want to associate with either of these people. 
A)  will prefer to associate with Amanda. 
B)  will prefer to associate with Lucas. 
C)  will want to equally associate with both Amanda and Lucas. 
D)  will not really want to associate with either of these people.

Question 7

Identify and briefly describe the two most common experimental paradigms used to examine dissonance.

Accepted Answer

In the free choice paradigm, people make

Question 8

Do you think people can actually grow and in some sense benefit from difficult or traumatic experiences? Would this always be the case, or only under certain circumstances? Why might people experience growth in the wake of trauma?

Accepted Answer

Yes, people can definitely grow and bene

Question 9

Self-concept clarity refers to _____, while self-complexity refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiplicity in the self-concept; unity in the self-concept 
B)  one point in time; multiple points in time 
C)  multiple points in time; one point in time 
D)  unity in the self-concept; multiplicity in the self-concept 
A)  multiplicity in the self-concept; unity in the self-concept 
B)  one point in time; multiple points in time 
C)  multiple points in time; one point in time 
D)  unity in the self-concept; multiplicity in the self-concept

Question 10

The tendency to make external attributions for bad things one does, and internal attributions for good things one does, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-serving bias. 
B)  the actor-observer effect. 
C)  compensation. 
D)  self-affirmation. 
A)  the self-serving bias. 
B)  the actor-observer effect. 
C)  compensation. 
D)  self-affirmation.

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically listed by research conducted in the United States as a primary contingency on which people base their self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  academic accomplishments 
B)  physical attractiveness 
C)  deference to authority figures 
D)  God's love 
A)  academic accomplishments 
B)  physical attractiveness 
C)  deference to authority figures 
D)  God's love

Question 12

Which of the following phenomena is NOT a mechanism that people use routinely to maintain their self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-verification 
B)  projection 
C)  self-handicapping 
D)  compensation 
A)  self-verification 
B)  projection 
C)  self-handicapping 
D)  compensation

Question 13

What is self-concept clarity, and what is self-complexity? What are some of the benefits of having either of these qualities?

Accepted Answer

Self-concept clarity involves having a c

Question 14

What is the anxiety-buffer perspective on why people need self-esteem? Discuss some examples of research supporting this perspective.

Accepted Answer

The anxiety-buffer perspective proposes

Question 15

The induced hypocrisy paradigm has been used to show behavior change in which area of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  safe sex 
B)  anticommunism 
C)  learning 
D)  military conflict 
A)  safe sex 
B)  anticommunism 
C)  learning 
D)  military conflict

Question 16

The cyberball experimental paradigm is used to investigate what experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  ostracism 
B)  mortality salience 
C)  self-affirmation 
D)  extrinsic self-esteem 
A)  ostracism 
B)  mortality salience 
C)  self-affirmation 
D)  extrinsic self-esteem

Question 17

What is one way in which researchers have studied the construct of implicit self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  asking participants to estimate how others think about them 
B)  evaluating the speed with which participants can identify positive vs. negative words after being primed with first-person singular pronouns 
C)  measuring fluctuations in a person's self-reported esteem over the course of a week 
D)  asking experts to code people's self-esteem based on videos of them giving speeches 
A)  asking participants to estimate how others think about them 
B)  evaluating the speed with which participants can identify positive vs. negative words after being primed with first-person singular pronouns 
C)  measuring fluctuations in a person's self-reported esteem over the course of a week 
D)  asking experts to code people's self-esteem based on videos of them giving speeches

Question 18

What is the basic idea behind cognitive dissonance theory? When is dissonance particularly disturbing? According to Festinger, what are the three most common ways to reduce dissonance?

Accepted Answer

When two cognitions (e. g. , beliefs, at

Question 19

What is the dramaturgical perspective? What does it mean to be high in self-monitoring? Discuss whether you have ever thought about your own life from the dramaturgical perspective. Do you feel like you tend to give sincere or cynical performances, or a mixture of both?

Accepted Answer

The dramaturgical perspective is a socio

Question 20

Discuss some of the major implications and applications of the body of research in social psychology on self-esteem striving. Do you think that the quest for self-esteem is a positive, negative, or neutral force in society? If it is even possible, how do you think a society or culture can best direct people's desire for self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

The body of research in social psycholog

What is a self-narrative? What are two of the most common self-narratives, according to research?

Self-handicapping refers to:

Manal has decided that she would like to lose some weight in the coming month. She posts online that this is her goal for the month. What does research based on symbolic self-completion theory suggest will happen?

In a study (Aronson and Carlsmith 1963) conducted among preschoolers, children in which experimental condition were the most likely to change their attitudes towards a particular toy (which had initially been desirable) at the end of the study?

People in individualist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _, while people in collectivist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _.

Identify and briefly describe the two most common experimental paradigms used to examine dissonance.

Do you think people can actually grow and in some sense benefit from difficult or traumatic experiences? Would this always be the case, or only under certain circumstances? Why might people experience growth in the wake of trauma?

Self-concept clarity refers to _, while self-complexity refers to _.

The tendency to make external attributions for bad things one does, and internal attributions for good things one does, is referred to as:

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically listed by research conducted in the United States as a primary contingency on which people base their self-esteem?

Which of the following phenomena is NOT a mechanism that people use routinely to maintain their self-esteem?

What is self-concept clarity, and what is self-complexity? What are some of the benefits of having either of these qualities?

What is the anxiety-buffer perspective on why people need self-esteem? Discuss some examples of research supporting this perspective.

The induced hypocrisy paradigm has been used to show behavior change in which area of behavior?

The cyberball experimental paradigm is used to investigate what experience?

What is one way in which researchers have studied the construct of implicit self-esteem?

What is the basic idea behind cognitive dissonance theory? When is dissonance particularly disturbing? According to Festinger, what are the three most common ways to reduce dissonance?

What is the dramaturgical perspective? What does it mean to be high in self-monitoring? Discuss whether you have ever thought about your own life from the dramaturgical perspective. Do you feel like you tend to give sincere or cynical performances, or a mixture of both?

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Exam 6: The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

What is a self-narrative? What are two of the most common self-narratives, according to research?

Self-handicapping refers to:

Manal has decided that she would like to lose some weight in the coming month. She posts online that this is her goal for the month. What does research based on symbolic self-completion theory suggest will happen?

In a study (Aronson and Carlsmith 1963) conducted among preschoolers, children in which experimental condition were the most likely to change their attitudes towards a particular toy (which had initially been desirable) at the end of the study?

People in individualist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _____, while people in collectivist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _____.

Identify and briefly describe the two most common experimental paradigms used to examine dissonance.

Do you think people can actually grow and in some sense benefit from difficult or traumatic experiences? Would this always be the case, or only under certain circumstances? Why might people experience growth in the wake of trauma?

Self-concept clarity refers to _____, while self-complexity refers to _____.

The tendency to make external attributions for bad things one does, and internal attributions for good things one does, is referred to as:

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically listed by research conducted in the United States as a primary contingency on which people base their self-esteem?

Which of the following phenomena is NOT a mechanism that people use routinely to maintain their self-esteem?

What is self-concept clarity, and what is self-complexity? What are some of the benefits of having either of these qualities?

What is the anxiety-buffer perspective on why people need self-esteem? Discuss some examples of research supporting this perspective.

The induced hypocrisy paradigm has been used to show behavior change in which area of behavior?

The cyberball experimental paradigm is used to investigate what experience?

What is one way in which researchers have studied the construct of implicit self-esteem?

What is the basic idea behind cognitive dissonance theory? When is dissonance particularly disturbing? According to Festinger, what are the three most common ways to reduce dissonance?

What is the dramaturgical perspective? What does it mean to be high in self-monitoring? Discuss whether you have ever thought about your own life from the dramaturgical perspective. Do you feel like you tend to give sincere or cynical performances, or a mixture of both?

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

People in individualist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _, while people in collectivist cultures tend to declare themselves better than average on _.

Self-concept clarity refers to _, while self-complexity refers to _.