Question 1

What is/are the challenges facing organ regeneration using stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organs are highly complex,some containing many types of tissues,all of which would need to be assembled via regenerated tissues (stem cells). 
B)  Organs are innervated;these connections are difficult to reassemble in regenerated organs. 
C)  It is difficult to get an engineered organ to function normally when transplanted. 
D)  We do not know all of the genes involved in regulating a cell,particularly stem cells. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Organs are highly complex,some containing many types of tissues,all of which would need to be assembled via regenerated tissues (stem cells). 
B)  Organs are innervated;these connections are difficult to reassemble in regenerated organs. 
C)  It is difficult to get an engineered organ to function normally when transplanted. 
D)  We do not know all of the genes involved in regulating a cell,particularly stem cells. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 2

The process of _____ is used to replace damaged or worn-out cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis 
B)  meiosis 
C)  cell twinning 
D)  cell division 
E)  cell senescence 
A)  apoptosis 
B)  meiosis 
C)  cell twinning 
D)  cell division 
E)  cell senescence

Question 3

The correct order of phases in mitosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  prophase,metaphase,anaphase,and telophase. 
B)  metaphase,anaphase,prophase,telophase,and cytokinesis. 
C)  G1,S,G2,M,and cytokinesis. 
D)  prophase,metaphase,anaphase,and cytokinesis. 
E)  cytokinesis,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,and telophase. 
A)  prophase,metaphase,anaphase,and telophase. 
B)  metaphase,anaphase,prophase,telophase,and cytokinesis. 
C)  G1,S,G2,M,and cytokinesis. 
D)  prophase,metaphase,anaphase,and cytokinesis. 
E)  cytokinesis,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,and telophase.

Question 4

Why would you need to isolate more than one type of stem cell when growing a replacement organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  More than one type of stem cell is grown in case one type does not survive. 
B)  Growing replacement organs requires at least three types of stem cells. 
C)  Different tissues have different stem cells. 
D)  Organs are composed of more than one type of tissue. 
E)  C and D 
A)  More than one type of stem cell is grown in case one type does not survive. 
B)  Growing replacement organs requires at least three types of stem cells. 
C)  Different tissues have different stem cells. 
D)  Organs are composed of more than one type of tissue. 
E)  C and D

Question 5

An organ is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  three cell types. 
B)  at least two specialized tissues. 
C)  at least 10 specialized cell types. 
D)  one or more tissue types. 
E)  groups of cells randomly arranged around a scaffold. 
A)  three cell types. 
B)  at least two specialized tissues. 
C)  at least 10 specialized cell types. 
D)  one or more tissue types. 
E)  groups of cells randomly arranged around a scaffold.

Question 6

If cardiac tissue is injured,for example in the case of a heart attack,which cells could be used to heal the injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart stem cells 
B)  differentiated cardiac cells 
C)  embryonic stem cells 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  A and C 
A)  heart stem cells 
B)  differentiated cardiac cells 
C)  embryonic stem cells 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  A and C

Question 7

When a stem cell divides,the result is

Accepted Answer

A)  two red blood cells. 
B)  two of any type of specialized cell. 
C)  a stem cell and a cell that can become specialized. 
D)  two cells,each of which can become specialized. 
E)  two neural,cardiac,or blood cells. 
A)  two red blood cells. 
B)  two of any type of specialized cell. 
C)  a stem cell and a cell that can become specialized. 
D)  two cells,each of which can become specialized. 
E)  two neural,cardiac,or blood cells.

Question 8

The biological function of stem cells is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  replenish existing stem cells 
B)  form eggs and sperm for reproduction 
C)  differentiate into specific cell types 
D)  replenish existing stem cells and differentiate into specific cell types 
E)  replenish existing stem cells and form eggs and sperm for reproduction 
A)  replenish existing stem cells 
B)  form eggs and sperm for reproduction 
C)  differentiate into specific cell types 
D)  replenish existing stem cells and differentiate into specific cell types 
E)  replenish existing stem cells and form eggs and sperm for reproduction

Question 9

Sister chromatids are held together by

Accepted Answer

A)  a chromomere. 
B)  a chromosome fiber. 
C)  a centromere. 
D)  a centrosome. 
E)  a centriole. 
A)  a chromomere. 
B)  a chromosome fiber. 
C)  a centromere. 
D)  a centrosome. 
E)  a centriole.

Question 10

Stem-cell therapy

Accepted Answer

A)  is not current practice. 
B)  has been used successfully for years. 
C)  is still undergoing clinical trials. 
D)  will be successful in the future. 
E)  is on its way out. 
A)  is not current practice. 
B)  has been used successfully for years. 
C)  is still undergoing clinical trials. 
D)  will be successful in the future. 
E)  is on its way out.

Question 11

Specialized cells called _______ are found in most tissues.These cells divide to give rise to more cells of that tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  mother cells 
B)  stem cells 
C)  regenerative cells 
D)  core cells 
E)  embryonic cells 
A)  mother cells 
B)  stem cells 
C)  regenerative cells 
D)  core cells 
E)  embryonic cells

Question 12

Why does a hepatocyte (liver cell)look and function differently from a neuron (brain cell)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different genes are turned on and off in each cell. 
B)  They originate from different cells. 
C)  They have different genes in them. 
D)  They have the same genes,but there are mutations in one cell's DNA that make it different. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Different genes are turned on and off in each cell. 
B)  They originate from different cells. 
C)  They have different genes in them. 
D)  They have the same genes,but there are mutations in one cell's DNA that make it different. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of cells undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  a new embryo growing 
B)  a tree producing new branches 
C)  dead skin cells being replaced 
D)  a wound healing over with a scar 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  a new embryo growing 
B)  a tree producing new branches 
C)  dead skin cells being replaced 
D)  a wound healing over with a scar 
E)  All of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following describes sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

A)  two copies of different chromosomes held together by a centromere 
B)  identical copies of a chromosome held together by a centromere 
C)  identical copies of a chromosome that are not connected 
D)  two copies of different chromosomes that are not connected 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  two copies of different chromosomes held together by a centromere 
B)  identical copies of a chromosome held together by a centromere 
C)  identical copies of a chromosome that are not connected 
D)  two copies of different chromosomes that are not connected 
E)  None of the above.

Question 15

Hematopoietic stem cells are _____ cells that develop into _____ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  undifferentiated;blood 
B)  differentiated;liver 
C)  undifferentiated;liver 
D)  differentiated;muscle 
E)  undifferentiated;urinary bladder 
A)  undifferentiated;blood 
B)  differentiated;liver 
C)  undifferentiated;liver 
D)  differentiated;muscle 
E)  undifferentiated;urinary bladder

Question 16

A cell is specialized when it

Accepted Answer

A)  undergoes cell division. 
B)  is undifferentiated. 
C)  performs a specific function. 
D)  undergoes apoptosis. 
E)  is a stem cell. 
A)  undergoes cell division. 
B)  is undifferentiated. 
C)  performs a specific function. 
D)  undergoes apoptosis. 
E)  is a stem cell.

Question 17

When an egg is fertilized by a sperm,all of the following result,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a cell that will continue to divide,giving rise to all the cells of the body. 
B)  a mass of cells that will include stem cells. 
C)  a cell that will divide and give rise to cells with different DNA. 
D)  a cell that will divide and give rise to cells with the exact same DNA. 
E)  All of the above will occur. 
A)  a cell that will continue to divide,giving rise to all the cells of the body. 
B)  a mass of cells that will include stem cells. 
C)  a cell that will divide and give rise to cells with different DNA. 
D)  a cell that will divide and give rise to cells with the exact same DNA. 
E)  All of the above will occur.

Question 18

A group of cells performing a similar function is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  multicellular. 
B)  an organism. 
C)  an organ system. 
D)  an organ. 
E)  tissue. 
A)  multicellular. 
B)  an organism. 
C)  an organ system. 
D)  an organ. 
E)  tissue.

Question 19

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

Accepted Answer

A)  replication of chromosomes 
B)  sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell 
C)  sister chromatids migrate to opposite sides of the cell 
D)  division of cytoplasm 
E)  two nuclei are created 
A)  replication of chromosomes 
B)  sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell 
C)  sister chromatids migrate to opposite sides of the cell 
D)  division of cytoplasm 
E)  two nuclei are created

Question 20

During mitosis sister chromatids are

Accepted Answer

A)  held together by the centromere. 
B)  50% identical to each other. 
C)  attached to the nuclear membrane. 
D)  about to duplicate to form new chromosomes. 
E)  ready to migrate together to one end of the cell. 
A)  held together by the centromere. 
B)  50% identical to each other. 
C)  attached to the nuclear membrane. 
D)  about to duplicate to form new chromosomes. 
E)  ready to migrate together to one end of the cell.

Exam 9: Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation

What is/are the challenges facing organ regeneration using stem cells?

The process of _____ is used to replace damaged or worn-out cells.

The correct order of phases in mitosis is

Why would you need to isolate more than one type of stem cell when growing a replacement organ?

An organ is composed of

If cardiac tissue is injured,for example in the case of a heart attack,which cells could be used to heal the injury?

When a stem cell divides,the result is

The biological function of stem cells is to _____.

Sister chromatids are held together by

Stem-cell therapy

Specialized cells called _______ are found in most tissues.These cells divide to give rise to more cells of that tissue.

Why does a hepatocyte (liver cell)look and function differently from a neuron (brain cell)?

Which of the following is an example of cells undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis?

Which of the following describes sister chromatids?

Hematopoietic stem cells are _____ cells that develop into _____ cells.

A cell is specialized when it

When an egg is fertilized by a sperm,all of the following result,EXCEPT

A group of cells performing a similar function is described as

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

During mitosis sister chromatids are

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