Question 1

Which of the following compounds was identified as being carcinogenic by the Ames test?

Accepted Answer

A) Black pepper 
B) Rhubarb 
C) Celery 
D) Coffee 
E) All of the above 
A) Black pepper 
B) Rhubarb 
C) Celery 
D) Coffee 
E) All of the above E

Question 2

the revised Ames test,Bruce Ames mixed chemicals with homogenized rat liver prior to adding them to bacteria to assess their mutagenicity.What was the purpose of this step of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) To determine whether the chemicals killed mammalian cells 
B) To determine whether the chemicals induced cancer in mammalian cells 
C) To detoxify the chemicals prior to assessing their mutagenicity 
D) To metabolically activate the chemicals prior to assessing their mutagenicity 
E) None of the above 
A) To determine whether the chemicals killed mammalian cells 
B) To determine whether the chemicals induced cancer in mammalian cells 
C) To detoxify the chemicals prior to assessing their mutagenicity 
D) To metabolically activate the chemicals prior to assessing their mutagenicity 
E) None of the above D

Question 3

tumor promoter

Accepted Answer

A) Induces mutations in DNA. 
B) Can cause cancer on its own. 
C) Enhances tumorigenesis through nongenetic mechanisms. 
D) Is always a naturally occurring compound. 
E) B and C. 
A) Induces mutations in DNA. 
B) Can cause cancer on its own. 
C) Enhances tumorigenesis through nongenetic mechanisms. 
D) Is always a naturally occurring compound. 
E) B and C. C

Question 4

Which of the following types of cellular changes would be considered to be malignant?

Accepted Answer

A) Dysplasia 
B) Squamous cell carcinoma 
C) Papilloma 
D) Fibroma 
E) Adenoma 
A) Dysplasia 
B) Squamous cell carcinoma 
C) Papilloma 
D) Fibroma 
E) Adenoma

Question 5

Which of the following is true of carcinomas?

Accepted Answer

A) They are responsible for >80% of Western world cancer deaths. 
B) They involve cell types arising from all three embryonic germ layers. 
C) They often involve epithelial cells. 
D) Examples of tissue sites where they are found include the lung and pancreas. 
E) All of the above. 
A) They are responsible for >80% of Western world cancer deaths. 
B) They involve cell types arising from all three embryonic germ layers. 
C) They often involve epithelial cells. 
D) Examples of tissue sites where they are found include the lung and pancreas. 
E) All of the above.

Question 6

Tumors that arise from mesenchymal cell types are called

Accepted Answer

A) Carcinomas 
B) Lymphomas 
C) Sarcomas 
D) Adenocarcinomas 
E) Leukemias 
A) Carcinomas 
B) Lymphomas 
C) Sarcomas 
D) Adenocarcinomas 
E) Leukemias

Question 7

Which of the following is true of energy metabolism by cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They usually generate ATP through the Krebs cycle. 
B) They are more efficient at energy metabolism than normal cells and generate 36 molecules of ATP for every glucose molecule metabolized. 
C) They generate energy through glycolysis only when cells are experiencing hypoxia. 
D) They import much higher levels of glucose in comparison with normal cells. 
E) None of the above. 
A) They usually generate ATP through the Krebs cycle. 
B) They are more efficient at energy metabolism than normal cells and generate 36 molecules of ATP for every glucose molecule metabolized. 
C) They generate energy through glycolysis only when cells are experiencing hypoxia. 
D) They import much higher levels of glucose in comparison with normal cells. 
E) None of the above.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a test for mutagenicity?

Accepted Answer

A) Proliferation assay 
B) Ames test 
C) Test for sister chromatid exchange SC
E)  
D) Karyotype analysis 
E) Analysis of micronuclei 
A) Proliferation assay 
B) Ames test 
C) Test for sister chromatid exchange SC
E)  
D) Karyotype analysis 
E) Analysis of micronuclei

Question 9

Which of the following schematics MOST likely describes the correct order of cellular changes that occur in the progression of malignancy?

Accepted Answer

A) Normal → hyperplastic → dysplastic → neoplastic → metastatic 
B) Normal → dysplastic → hyperplastic → neoplastic → metastatic 
C) Normal → hyperplastic → dysplastic → metastatic → neoplastic 
D) Normal → neoplastic → dysplastic → hyperplastic → metastatic 
E) None of the above 
A) Normal → hyperplastic → dysplastic → neoplastic → metastatic 
B) Normal → dysplastic → hyperplastic → neoplastic → metastatic 
C) Normal → hyperplastic → dysplastic → metastatic → neoplastic 
D) Normal → neoplastic → dysplastic → hyperplastic → metastatic 
E) None of the above

Question 10

Malignant tumors

Accepted Answer

A) Always contain a single cell type. 
B) Have acquired characteristics of invasiveness. 
C) Are surrounded by an intact basement membrane. 
D) Are often described as being in-situ. 
E) C and D. 
A) Always contain a single cell type. 
B) Have acquired characteristics of invasiveness. 
C) Are surrounded by an intact basement membrane. 
D) Are often described as being in-situ. 
E) C and D.

Question 11

Analysis of a patient's lung tumor reveals that all of the malignant cells in this tumor have a specific chromosomal abnormality involving a fusion event between two sets of chromosomes.This MOST likely suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) This mutation was inherited. 
B) The tumor is polyclonal. 
C) The tumor is monoclonal in origin. 
D) A large number of normal cells simultaneously underwent this mutation. 
E) None of the above. 
A) This mutation was inherited. 
B) The tumor is polyclonal. 
C) The tumor is monoclonal in origin. 
D) A large number of normal cells simultaneously underwent this mutation. 
E) None of the above.

Question 12

level of mutagenicity of a particular chemical may depend upon

Accepted Answer

A) Its metabolic conversion within an organism. 
B) The cell type with which it comes in contact. 
C) Expression levels of genes coding for proteins that are able to inactivate mutagens within the cell. 
D) The presence of other tumor-promoting compounds. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Its metabolic conversion within an organism. 
B) The cell type with which it comes in contact. 
C) Expression levels of genes coding for proteins that are able to inactivate mutagens within the cell. 
D) The presence of other tumor-promoting compounds. 
E) All of the above.

Which of the following compounds was identified as being carcinogenic by the Ames test?

the revised Ames test,Bruce Ames mixed chemicals with homogenized rat liver prior to adding them to bacteria to assess their mutagenicity.What was the purpose of this step of the experiment?

tumor promoter

Which of the following types of cellular changes would be considered to be malignant?

Which of the following is true of carcinomas?

Tumors that arise from mesenchymal cell types are called

Which of the following is true of energy metabolism by cancer cells?

Which of the following is NOT a test for mutagenicity?

Which of the following schematics MOST likely describes the correct order of cellular changes that occur in the progression of malignancy?

Malignant tumors

Analysis of a patient's lung tumor reveals that all of the malignant cells in this tumor have a specific chromosomal abnormality involving a fusion event between two sets of chromosomes.This MOST likely suggests that

level of mutagenicity of a particular chemical may depend upon

The Biology and Genetics of Cells and Organisms

Tumor Viruses

Cellular Oncogenes

Growth Factors,receptors,and Cancer

Cytoplasmic Signaling Circuitry Programs Many of the Traits of Cancer

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Prb and Control of the Cell Cycle Clock

P53 and Apoptosis: Master Guardian and Executioner

Eternal Life: Cell Immortalization and Tumorigenesis

Multi-Step Tumorigenesis

Maintenance of Genomic Integrity and the Development of Cancer

Dialogue Replaces Monologue: Heterotypic Interactions and the Biology of Angiogenesis

Moving Out: Invasion and Metastasis

Crowd Control: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy

The Rational Treatment of Cancer

Filters

Exam 2: The Nature of Cancer

Which of the following compounds was identified as being carcinogenic by the Ames test?

the revised Ames test,Bruce Ames mixed chemicals with homogenized rat liver prior to adding them to bacteria to assess their mutagenicity.What was the purpose of this step of the experiment?

tumor promoter

Which of the following types of cellular changes would be considered to be malignant?

Which of the following is true of carcinomas?

Tumors that arise from mesenchymal cell types are called

Which of the following is true of energy metabolism by cancer cells?

Which of the following is NOT a test for mutagenicity?

Which of the following schematics MOST likely describes the correct order of cellular changes that occur in the progression of malignancy?

Malignant tumors

Analysis of a patient's lung tumor reveals that all of the malignant cells in this tumor have a specific chromosomal abnormality involving a fusion event between two sets of chromosomes.This MOST likely suggests that

level of mutagenicity of a particular chemical may depend upon

The Biology and Genetics of Cells and Organisms

Tumor Viruses

Cellular Oncogenes

Growth Factors,receptors,and Cancer

Cytoplasmic Signaling Circuitry Programs Many of the Traits of Cancer

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Prb and Control of the Cell Cycle Clock

P53 and Apoptosis: Master Guardian and Executioner

Eternal Life: Cell Immortalization and Tumorigenesis

Multi-Step Tumorigenesis

Maintenance of Genomic Integrity and the Development of Cancer

Dialogue Replaces Monologue: Heterotypic Interactions and the Biology of Angiogenesis

Moving Out: Invasion and Metastasis

Crowd Control: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy

The Rational Treatment of Cancer

Filters