Question 1

A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  discriminative response 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  vicarious response 
D)  unconditioned response 
A)  discriminative response 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  vicarious response 
D)  unconditioned response

Question 2

A researcher trains a little boy to fear a hamster by banging drums every time the boy approaches the hamster. This type of learning is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  vicarious learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  vicarious learning

Question 3

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  being reinforced for imitating the model 
B)  remembering what the model did 
C)  paying attention to what the model does 
D)  do what the model did 
A)  being reinforced for imitating the model 
B)  remembering what the model did 
C)  paying attention to what the model does 
D)  do what the model did

Question 4

A child learns that whenever he cleans his room, he gets his allowance. This type of learning is best explained by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  biofeedback theory 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  biofeedback theory 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 5

When the US is no longer paired with the CS or when reinforcement is no longer presented following a learned response, a process called ________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  modeling 
C)  disinhibition 
D)  extinction 
A)  generalization 
B)  modeling 
C)  disinhibition 
D)  extinction

Question 6

"Every morning a train goes by my house at 6:30 when I am just sitting down to breakfast. Lately, however, the train has been coming by at 4:30 and I am having a terrible time getting back to sleep because I'm so hungry." In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is ________ and the conditioned response is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eating breakfast; hunger 
B)  the sound of the train; going back to sleep 
C)  the sound of the train; hunger 
D)  hunger; eating breakfast 
A)  eating breakfast; hunger 
B)  the sound of the train; going back to sleep 
C)  the sound of the train; hunger 
D)  hunger; eating breakfast

Question 7

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning children who are bullies to be less aggressive 
B)  conditioning children to be on time for school 
C)  conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure 
D)  conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep 
A)  conditioning children who are bullies to be less aggressive 
B)  conditioning children to be on time for school 
C)  conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure 
D)  conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep

Question 8

An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this intermittent pairing ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response 
B)  has no effect on the rate of learning or the strength of the final learned response 
C)  increases the rate of learning but decreases the strength of the final learned response 
D)  reduces the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response 
A)  increases the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response 
B)  has no effect on the rate of learning or the strength of the final learned response 
C)  increases the rate of learning but decreases the strength of the final learned response 
D)  reduces the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response

Question 9

In operant conditioning, ________ reinforcement lead(s) to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous; behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement 
B)  both continuous reinforcement and partial or intermittent; behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time 
C)  neither partial nor continuous reinforcement; behaviors that will persist for long periods of time 
D)  partial or intermittent reinforcement; behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement 
A)  continuous; behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement 
B)  both continuous reinforcement and partial or intermittent; behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time 
C)  neither partial nor continuous reinforcement; behaviors that will persist for long periods of time 
D)  partial or intermittent reinforcement; behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement

Question 10

In partial reinforcement, the rule for determining when and how often reinforcers will be delivered is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement map 
B)  response-to-reinforcement guide Incorrect; Schedule of reinforcement is the correct terminology. 
C)  schedule of reinforcement 
D)  token economy 
A)  reinforcement map 
B)  response-to-reinforcement guide Incorrect; Schedule of reinforcement is the correct terminology. 
C)  schedule of reinforcement 
D)  token economy

Question 11

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  punishment 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  punishment

Question 12

A relationship in which one event depends on another is known as a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  response set 
B)  reciprocal bearing 
C)  correlation 
D)  contingency 
A)  response set 
B)  reciprocal bearing 
C)  correlation 
D)  contingency

Question 13

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  money 
B)  poker chips 
C)  a bar of candy 
D)  a buzzer 
A)  money 
B)  poker chips 
C)  a bar of candy 
D)  a buzzer

Question 14

Kirk's dorm is rather old, and the plumbing is problematic. Each time he is in the shower, and the toilet flushes, the water automatically runs cold, causing Kirk to flinch and jump back. Eventually, Kirk started jumping back whenever he heard the toilet flush. In this situation, Kirk's learned jump upon hearing the flush is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus 
A)  unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned stimulus

Question 15

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Tolman 
D)  Thorndike 
A)  Watson 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Tolman 
D)  Thorndike

Question 16

Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in terms of their methods and effects.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement, or positive rein

Question 17

A reinforcer that is reinforcing in and of itself is called a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary 
B)  delayed 
C)  direct 
D)  primary 
A)  secondary 
B)  delayed 
C)  direct 
D)  primary

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true for operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance training is especially easy to extinguish. 
B)  The stronger the original learning, the harder it is to extinguish. 
C)  Complex behavior is easier to extinguish than simple behavior. 
D)  The greater the variety of settings in which learning takes place, the easier the behavior is to extinguish. 
A)  Avoidance training is especially easy to extinguish. 
B)  The stronger the original learning, the harder it is to extinguish. 
C)  Complex behavior is easier to extinguish than simple behavior. 
D)  The greater the variety of settings in which learning takes place, the easier the behavior is to extinguish.

Question 19

The 5-year-old child of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums. Whenever the child gets angry or upset the parents immediately fuss over the child. Nevertheless, the child's tantrums do not diminish. In fact, they seem to occur more often. We may assume that the parents' fussing over this child serves as a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response 
B)  positive reinforcer 
C)  punisher 
D)  negative reinforcer 
A)  unconditioned response 
B)  positive reinforcer 
C)  punisher 
D)  negative reinforcer

Question 20

We associate the name ________ most closely with classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  E. L. Thorndike 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  B. F. Skinner 
D)  Ivan Pavlov 
A)  E. L. Thorndike 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  B. F. Skinner 
D)  Ivan Pavlov

A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n) ________.

A researcher trains a little boy to fear a hamster by banging drums every time the boy approaches the hamster. This type of learning is known as ________.

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ________.

A child learns that whenever he cleans his room, he gets his allowance. This type of learning is best explained by ________.

When the US is no longer paired with the CS or when reinforcement is no longer presented following a learned response, a process called ________ occurs.

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this intermittent pairing ________.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement lead(s) to .

In partial reinforcement, the rule for determining when and how often reinforcers will be delivered is called a ________.

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

A relationship in which one event depends on another is known as a ________.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in terms of their methods and effects.

A reinforcer that is reinforcing in and of itself is called a ________ reinforcer.

Which of the following statements is true for operant conditioning?

We associate the name ________ most closely with classical conditioning.

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Exam 5: Learning

A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n) ________.

A researcher trains a little boy to fear a hamster by banging drums every time the boy approaches the hamster. This type of learning is known as ________.

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ________.

A child learns that whenever he cleans his room, he gets his allowance. This type of learning is best explained by ________.

When the US is no longer paired with the CS or when reinforcement is no longer presented following a learned response, a process called ________ occurs.

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this intermittent pairing ________.

In operant conditioning, ________ reinforcement lead(s) to ________.

In partial reinforcement, the rule for determining when and how often reinforcers will be delivered is called a ________.

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

A relationship in which one event depends on another is known as a ________.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in terms of their methods and effects.

A reinforcer that is reinforcing in and of itself is called a ________ reinforcer.

Which of the following statements is true for operant conditioning?

We associate the name ________ most closely with classical conditioning.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Basis of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Mental Abilities

Motivation and Emotion

Life-Span Development

Personality

Stress and Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Filters

In operant conditioning, reinforcement lead(s) to .