Exam 5: Learning

A monkey learns that given three differently shaped boxes (square, round, and triangular), food will always be found under the round box. Once this learning has occurred, the monkey only looks under the round box for food, ignoring the other boxes. This exemplifies the principle of ________.

Conditioning is impossible if the conditioned stimulus follows the unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioning based on previous learning, in which the conditioned stimulus serves as an unconditioned stimulus for further learning, is called ________ conditioning.

Which of the following is correct according to social learning theory?

After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented is a(n) ________.

A scientist trains a group of rats to run a maze to get food pellets. Another group of rats is trained to run the maze without receiving food pellets. At the end of the training, the group receiving the food pellets runs the maze faster and with fewer errors. However, when the scientist begins giving the second group of rats food pellets for running the maze, they almost immediately begin running the maze as well as the first group. This improved performance is probably due to ________.

In Bandura's classic (1965) study, children played more aggressively when a model was rewarded for aggressive behavior.

Edward Lee Thorndike was known for his work with ________.

Describe Bandura's classic (1965) study on aggression. Explain what conclusions can be drawn from this study and why.

Secondary reinforcers are identical to negative reinforcers.

Since Tolman's time, little research has been done on the nature of latent learning.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Skinner found that if he randomly presented rewards to pigeons in a Skinner box, the pigeons ________.

The process in which a learned response that has been extinguished suddenly reappears on its own with no retraining is called ________.

According to the law of effect, a behavior is most likely to be repeated when it is ________.

Punishment is a(n) ________ controller of behavior.

The idea that in conditioning, the conditioned stimulus must signify that if one thing occurs, something else is likely to occur, is part of ________ theory.

A fourth-grade teacher realized that one of the students was misbehaving in order to receive attention. The teacher decided to ignore all instances of the misbehavior. The teacher is using ________.

The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ________.

Learning that involves transfer of a natural response from one stimulus to another previously neutral stimulus is called classical conditioning.