Exam 5: Learning

In higher order conditioning, we pair a neutral stimulus with a(n) ________.

The transfer of a response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus, is called ________.

The transfer of a learned response to a different but similar stimulus is called ________.

Negative reinforcement results in the extinction of previously learned behaviors.

At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D. C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem. The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of ________.

The researcher whose work with monkeys explored their ability to develop learning sets was ________.

Describe the findings of Thorndike's experiments and discuss the elements essential for operant conditioning.

If you want an organism to respond very rapidly with only a brief pause after each reinforcement, which schedule of reinforcement would you choose?

The psychologist most closely associated with the concept of preparedness is ________.

Changing behavior through the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired response is called ________.

Extinction and spontaneous recovery do not appear in classical conditioning.

Name and briefly discuss each of the four schedules of reinforcement. In your discussion, be sure to give an example for each schedule and describe the response pattern that typically results from each schedule.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat was the ________.

The law of effect is the same thing as classical conditioning.

Each of the following is true of biofeedback except ________.

A budding author wishes to improve her typing. Which of the following would be least helpful in a program to help her reach her goal?

Learned helplessness can only occur in animals, not in humans.

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains voluntary control over some physiological process is called ________.

Kirk's dorm is rather old, and the plumbing is problematic. Each time he is in the shower, and the toilet flushes, the water automatically runs cold, causing Kirk to flinch and jump back. Eventually, Kirk started jumping back whenever he heard the toilet flush. In this situation, the toilet flushing is a ________.

Thorndike is known for his experiments demonstrating latent learning in rats.