Question 1

Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein/fat 
B)  Carbonic acid/bicarbonate 
C)  Sodium/potassium 
D)  Amylase/albumin 
A)  Protein/fat 
B)  Carbonic acid/bicarbonate 
C)  Sodium/potassium 
D)  Amylase/albumin

Question 2

An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased capillary oncotic pressure. 
B)  Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  Increased interstitial oncotic pressure. 
A)  Increased capillary oncotic pressure. 
B)  Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  Increased interstitial oncotic pressure.

Question 3

A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities.Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic.Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Constipation 
C)  Hypoglycemia 
D)  Laxative abuse 
A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Constipation 
C)  Hypoglycemia 
D)  Laxative abuse

Question 4

A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia.Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weak pulse 
B)  Excessive thirst 
C)  Oliguria 
D)  Constipation 
A)  Weak pulse 
B)  Excessive thirst 
C)  Oliguria 
D)  Constipation

Question 5

For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:

Accepted Answer

A)  excreting H+ through the kidneys. 
B)  hyperventilating. 
C)  retaining CO2 in the lungs. 
D)  secreting aldosterone. 
A)  excreting H+ through the kidneys. 
B)  hyperventilating. 
C)  retaining CO2 in the lungs. 
D)  secreting aldosterone.

Question 6

A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings.Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion.These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory alkalosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  respiratory alkalosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 7

Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:

Accepted Answer

A)  retention of metabolic acids. 
B)  hypoaldosteronism. 
C)  excessive loss of chloride (Cl). 
D)  hyperventilation. 
A)  retention of metabolic acids. 
B)  hypoaldosteronism. 
C)  excessive loss of chloride (Cl). 
D)  hyperventilation.

Question 8

Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vomiting 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Pneumonia 
D)  An increase in noncarbonic acids 
A)  Vomiting 
B)  Hyperventilation 
C)  Pneumonia 
D)  An increase in noncarbonic acids

Question 9

Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:

Accepted Answer

A)  vomiting. 
B)  diuretic use. 
C)  dehydration. 
D)  hypoaldosteronism. 
A)  vomiting. 
B)  diuretic use. 
C)  dehydration. 
D)  hypoaldosteronism.

Question 10

A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg.Approximately how much of this weight is considered the total volume of body water?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 L 
B)  10 L 
C)  28 L 
D)  42 L 
A)  5 L 
B)  10 L 
C)  28 L 
D)  42 L

Exam 5: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?

An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement.Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space?

A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities.Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic.Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?

A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia.Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?

For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:

A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings.Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion.These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:

Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:

Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?

Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:

A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg.Approximately how much of this weight is considered the total volume of body water?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings.Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO₂, and normal bicarbonate ion.These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: