Question 1

Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit for an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of blood 
B)  Urogenital tract and feces 
C)  Coughing and sneezing 
D)  Skin 
E)  All of these are normal exit portals. 
A)  Removal of blood 
B)  Urogenital tract and feces 
C)  Coughing and sneezing 
D)  Skin 
E)  All of these are normal exit portals.

Question 2

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mortality rate 
B)  morbidity rate 
C)  incidence rate 
D)  prevalence rate 
E)  epidemic rate 
A)  mortality rate 
B)  morbidity rate 
C)  incidence rate 
D)  prevalence rate 
E)  epidemic rate

Question 3

Robert Koch is credited with proving the germ theory of disease; that infectious diseases are caused by specific microorganisms. In developing a series of proofs (Koch's Postulates), he was able to determine the causative organism of anthrax was the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Which of the following statements does not contribute to Koch's Postulates and the germ theory of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  The causative organism must be evidenced in each subject presenting with the disease manifestations. 
B)  Inoculating a healthy subject with the isolated organism must result in the reported disease manifestations. 
C)  The organism must be isolated, purified and characterized from an infected individual. 
D)  Each organism from a polymicrobial infection must be isolated and inoculated into a single host. 
E)  The same species of organism must be isolated from the second inoculated individual. 
A)  The causative organism must be evidenced in each subject presenting with the disease manifestations. 
B)  Inoculating a healthy subject with the isolated organism must result in the reported disease manifestations. 
C)  The organism must be isolated, purified and characterized from an infected individual. 
D)  Each organism from a polymicrobial infection must be isolated and inoculated into a single host. 
E)  The same species of organism must be isolated from the second inoculated individual.

Question 4

Which of the following is transmission of disease from mother to fetus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertical 
B)  Direct 
C)  Vector 
D)  Horizontal 
E)  Fomites 
A)  Vertical 
B)  Direct 
C)  Vector 
D)  Horizontal 
E)  Fomites

Question 5

The study of the frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pathology 
B)  clinical microbiology 
C)  medicine 
D)  immunology 
E)  epidemiology 
A)  pathology 
B)  clinical microbiology 
C)  medicine 
D)  immunology 
E)  epidemiology

Question 6

Opportunistic pathogens

Accepted Answer

A)  cause disease in every individual. 
B)  cause disease in compromised individuals. 
C)  are always pathogens. 
D)  have well-developed virulence factors. 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  cause disease in every individual. 
B)  cause disease in compromised individuals. 
C)  are always pathogens. 
D)  have well-developed virulence factors. 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 7

Infection occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  contaminants are present on the skin. 
B)  a person swallows microbes in/on food. 
C)  a person inhales microbes in the air. 
D)  pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  contaminants are present on the skin. 
B)  a person swallows microbes in/on food. 
C)  a person inhales microbes in the air. 
D)  pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amoebic dysentery 
B)  ringworm 
C)  clostridia 
D)  cold virus 
E)  diphtheria 
A)  amoebic dysentery 
B)  ringworm 
C)  clostridia 
D)  cold virus 
E)  diphtheria

Question 9

Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source 
A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source

Question 10

Once a microbe has entered a host, what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytosis 
B)  Adhesion 
C)  Encapsulation 
D)  Margination 
E)  Exocytosis 
A)  Phagocytosis 
B)  Adhesion 
C)  Encapsulation 
D)  Margination 
E)  Exocytosis

Question 11

The suffix -emia means ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  a disease or morbid process 
C)  an inflammation 
D)  tumor 
E)  pertaining to 
A)  blood 
B)  a disease or morbid process 
C)  an inflammation 
D)  tumor 
E)  pertaining to

Question 12

If the patient develops rabies infection, the time from the bite to the appearance of symptoms is referred to as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation period 
B)  prodromal stage 
C)  period of invasion 
D)  convalescent period 
A)  incubation period 
B)  prodromal stage 
C)  period of invasion 
D)  convalescent period

Question 13

87 people developed diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps in the aftermath of a wedding. On diagnosis it was determined that they were suffering from salmonella, and after taking their histories, they all reported that they had eaten the chicken at the reception. This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a point-source epidemic 
B)  a propagated epidemic 
C)  a pandemic 
D)  an endemic disease 
A)  a point-source epidemic 
B)  a propagated epidemic 
C)  a pandemic 
D)  an endemic disease

Question 14

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exogenous 
B)  an exotoxin 
C)  an enterotoxin 
D)  endogenous 
E)  axenic 
A)  exogenous 
B)  an exotoxin 
C)  an enterotoxin 
D)  endogenous 
E)  axenic

Question 15

Which terminology is not used to describe members of the resident biota?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pathogenic biota 
B)  Normal biota 
C)  Indigenous biota 
D)  Normal microbiota 
E)  Commensals 
A)  Pathogenic biota 
B)  Normal biota 
C)  Indigenous biota 
D)  Normal microbiota 
E)  Commensals

Question 16

A symptom is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an objective indication of disease 
B)  a subjective indication of disease 
C)  measurable by health care personnel 
D)  temperature 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  an objective indication of disease 
B)  a subjective indication of disease 
C)  measurable by health care personnel 
D)  temperature 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

The spread of influenza, which is particularly widespread during the winter months, is an example of a propagated epidemic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements by a new nurse demonstrates understanding of the cause of infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  "All contact with infectious material leads to colonization." 
B)  "All colonization leads to infection." 
C)  "All infections lead to disease." 
D)  "Host resistance and organism pathogenicity determine the type and severity of infection an individual will experience." 
A)  "All contact with infectious material leads to colonization." 
B)  "All colonization leads to infection." 
C)  "All infections lead to disease." 
D)  "Host resistance and organism pathogenicity determine the type and severity of infection an individual will experience."

Question 19

An animal, such as an arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source 
A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source

Question 20

The infectious disease RN discusses scenarios that require hand washing with germicidal soap and water instead of alcohol-based hand cleanser. Which of the following statements by a new nurse is most accurate regarding when hands should be washed with soap and water?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated." 
B)  "I should wash my hands before applying gloves." 
C)  "I should wash my hands after removing gloves." 
D)  "I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated, but also before and after using gloves." 
A)  "I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated." 
B)  "I should wash my hands before applying gloves." 
C)  "I should wash my hands after removing gloves." 
D)  "I should wash my hands when they are visibly contaminated, but also before and after using gloves."

Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit for an infectious disease?

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the ________.

Which of the following is transmission of disease from mother to fetus?

The study of the frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population is ________.

Opportunistic pathogens

Infection occurs when

Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in ________.

Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a ________.

Once a microbe has entered a host, what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?

The suffix -emia means ________.

If the patient develops rabies infection, the time from the bite to the appearance of symptoms is referred to as the ________.

87 people developed diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps in the aftermath of a wedding. On diagnosis it was determined that they were suffering from salmonella, and after taking their histories, they all reported that they had eaten the chicken at the reception. This is an example of ________.

An infectious agent that originates from outside the body is called ________.

Which terminology is not used to describe members of the resident biota?

A symptom is ________.

The spread of influenza, which is particularly widespread during the winter months, is an example of a propagated epidemic.

Which of the following statements by a new nurse demonstrates understanding of the cause of infectious disease?

An animal, such as an arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a ________.

The infectious disease RN discusses scenarios that require hand washing with germicidal soap and water instead of alcohol-based hand cleanser. Which of the following statements by a new nurse is most accurate regarding when hands should be washed with soap and water?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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