Question 1

Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  syndromes 
B)  malaises 
C)  inflammation 
D)  asymptomatic 
E)  secondary infections 
A)  syndromes 
B)  malaises 
C)  inflammation 
D)  asymptomatic 
E)  secondary infections

Question 2

Nosocomial infections involve all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  they are only transmitted by medical personnel. 
B)  they often involve the patient's urinary tract and surgical incisions. 
C)  the patient's resident biota can be the infectious agent. 
D)  Escherichia coli and staphylococci are common infectious agents. 
E)  medical and surgical asepsis help lower their occurrence. 
A)  they are only transmitted by medical personnel. 
B)  they often involve the patient's urinary tract and surgical incisions. 
C)  the patient's resident biota can be the infectious agent. 
D)  Escherichia coli and staphylococci are common infectious agents. 
E)  medical and surgical asepsis help lower their occurrence.

Question 3

As the emergency department RN, you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit. What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as reported by the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Signs 
B)  Symptoms 
C)  Syndromes 
D)  Signs and symptoms 
A)  Signs 
B)  Symptoms 
C)  Syndromes 
D)  Signs and symptoms

Question 4

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source 
A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source

Question 5

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can, on occasion, be transmitted to humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary infection 
B)  sequelae 
C)  nosocomial infection 
D)  zoonosis 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  secondary infection 
B)  sequelae 
C)  nosocomial infection 
D)  zoonosis 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab 
B)  Development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab 
C)  Determination of the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab 
D)  Formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab 
E)  Whenever the scientific method cannot be used to investigate a microbiological problem 
A)  Determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital microbiology lab 
B)  Development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab 
C)  Determination of the cause of a new disease in a microbiology research lab 
D)  Formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab 
E)  Whenever the scientific method cannot be used to investigate a microbiological problem

Question 7

The term infection refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms colonizing the body. 
B)  contact with microorganisms. 
C)  contact with pathogens. 
D)  pathogens penetrating host defenses. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  microorganisms colonizing the body. 
B)  contact with microorganisms. 
C)  contact with pathogens. 
D)  pathogens penetrating host defenses. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Virulence differs from pathogenicity in that pathogenicity describes the ability of an organism to cause disease, whereas virulence describes the degree of pathogenicity as the disease develops.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of sequelae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Headache from meningitis 
B)  Difficulty swallowing from a Streptococcus infection 
C)  Arthritis from Lyme disease 
D)  Diarrhea from Salmonella enteritidis infection 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Headache from meningitis 
B)  Difficulty swallowing from a Streptococcus infection 
C)  Arthritis from Lyme disease 
D)  Diarrhea from Salmonella enteritidis infection 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Exotoxins

Accepted Answer

A)  are secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B)  are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms. 
C)  are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms. 
D)  cause more damage than endotoxins. 
E)  are host specific. 
A)  are secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B)  are bound to the membrane of pathogenic organisms. 
C)  are bound to the cell wall of pathogenic organisms. 
D)  cause more damage than endotoxins. 
E)  are host specific.

Question 11

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  opportunistic pathogens 
B)  normal biota 
C)  indigenous biota 
D)  true pathogens 
E)  micropathogens 
A)  opportunistic pathogens 
B)  normal biota 
C)  indigenous biota 
D)  true pathogens 
E)  micropathogens

Question 13

The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prodromal stage 
B)  convalescent stage 
C)  incubation period 
D)  period of invasion 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  prodromal stage 
B)  convalescent stage 
C)  incubation period 
D)  period of invasion 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 14

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exogenous 
B)  an exotoxin 
C)  an enterotoxin 
D)  endogenous 
E)  axenic 
A)  exogenous 
B)  an exotoxin 
C)  an enterotoxin 
D)  endogenous 
E)  axenic

Question 15

Which of the following is not a universal precaution used for handling patients and body substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mask and gloves 
B)  Proper disposal of needles 
C)  Health care worker with active lesions handling patients 
D)  Hand washing 
E)  Sterilizing or disinfecting dental hand pieces 
A)  Mask and gloves 
B)  Proper disposal of needles 
C)  Health care worker with active lesions handling patients 
D)  Hand washing 
E)  Sterilizing or disinfecting dental hand pieces

Question 16

While one person's microbiome differs when compared to another person, one individual's microbiome is uniform throughout the body; for example, the organisms on the left hand will be the same as the organisms on the right.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The virus that causes rabies, and the rhinovirus that causes the common cold are both considered true pathogens; the degree of pathogenicity is determined by their ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  virulence 
B)  protein coat 
C)  envelope 
D)  infectivity 
A)  virulence 
B)  protein coat 
C)  envelope 
D)  infectivity

Question 18

Normal biota includes each of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  fungi 
C)  protozoans 
D)  viruses 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  bacteria 
B)  fungi 
C)  protozoans 
D)  viruses 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an epidemic 
B)  endemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  sporadic 
E)  chronic 
A)  an epidemic 
B)  endemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  sporadic 
E)  chronic

Question 20

It is important to understand the extent and significance of polymicrobial infections, since treating an infection with a single antibiotic for an assumed causative organism may not adequately eliminate the infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called ________.

Nosocomial infections involve all the following except

As the emergency department RN, you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit. What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as reported by the patient?

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the ________.

A ________ is an infection indigenous to animals that can, on occasion, be transmitted to humans.

When would Koch's postulates be utilized?

The term infection refers to

Virulence differs from pathogenicity in that pathogenicity describes the ability of an organism to cause disease, whereas virulence describes the degree of pathogenicity as the disease develops.

Which of the following is an example of sequelae?

Exotoxins

A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues.

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ________.

The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the ________.

An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called ________.

Which of the following is not a universal precaution used for handling patients and body substances?

While one person's microbiome differs when compared to another person, one individual's microbiome is uniform throughout the body; for example, the organisms on the left hand will be the same as the organisms on the right.

The virus that causes rabies, and the rhinovirus that causes the common cold are both considered true pathogens; the degree of pathogenicity is determined by their ________.

Normal biota includes each of the following except ________.

A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is ________.

It is important to understand the extent and significance of polymicrobial infections, since treating an infection with a single antibiotic for an assumed causative organism may not adequately eliminate the infection.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

Filters