Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

In an experiment to determine the infectious dose for a specific organism, 50% of the test subjects must develop the disease following a specific dose. This is quantified as the (ID₅₀) and is a measure of the pathogenicity of that organism. Assess the following data from an experiment involving 200 mice and determine the ID₅₀ for the infectious agent. Infectious Dose Living Mice Dead Mice 10³ 190 10 10⁴ 150 50 10⁵ 120 80 10⁶ 100 100 10⁷ 0 200

A sign is

If the patient develops rabies infection, you know that it must be reported to local and state public health officials. Which of the following diseases is also reportable in the United States?

In 2003 over 500 people throughout the United States became ill with hepatitis A that was traced to green onions grown in Mexico. This is an example of ________.

The greatest number of pathogens enter the body through the ________.

________ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

Koch's postulates are easily satisfied for viral diseases.

The patient's sputum culture returns a positive result for Streptococcus pneumoniae. As the RN, you are aware this capsule-forming bacterium possesses virulence factors to make it difficult to treat. In providing education to the patient regarding the disease process, which of the following statements is most appropriate?

Local edema, swollen lymph nodes, fever, soreness, and abscesses are indications of ________.

The total number of deaths in a population due to a disease is the ________ rate.

Which of the following terms most appropriately describes the role of the raccoon in the patient's exposure to infection?

Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

Virulence factors include all the following except ________.

As the RN, you educate the new nurses about the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections. All of the following are frequent sources of patient infection, except ________.

You are diligent to prevent the spread of disease to other patients. Which of the following is the most appropriate type of isolation for this patient, considering the portal of exit for the pathogen in this case?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

Reservoirs include ________.

The principal government agency responsible for tracking infectious diseases in the United States is the ________.

A ________ is the presence of small numbers of bacteria in the blood.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?