Question 1

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prodromal stage 
B)  convalescent stage 
C)  incubation period 
D)  period of invasion 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  prodromal stage 
B)  convalescent stage 
C)  incubation period 
D)  period of invasion 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 2

The virulence factors of a pathogen are established by how strong or weak a patient's body defenses are at the time of infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Upon admission to the inpatient unit, a respiratory sputum culture and blood culture are sent. Prior to obtaining the blood culture, you provide education to the patient. Which of the following statements, by the patient, best demonstrates understanding of the rationale for the blood culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The blood culture will be able to determine which bacterium is causing the infection in my lungs." 
B)  "The blood culture will be able to determine which virus is causing the infection in my lungs." 
C)  "The blood culture will be able to determine if the microbe causing the infection is present and multiplying in my blood, putting me at risk for septicemia." 
D)  "The blood culture will be able to determine if the infection has infected other body tissues." 
A)  "The blood culture will be able to determine which bacterium is causing the infection in my lungs." 
B)  "The blood culture will be able to determine which virus is causing the infection in my lungs." 
C)  "The blood culture will be able to determine if the microbe causing the infection is present and multiplying in my blood, putting me at risk for septicemia." 
D)  "The blood culture will be able to determine if the infection has infected other body tissues."

Question 4

________ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens a long time after they have recovered from an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  Asymptomatic 
B)  Passive 
C)  Incubation 
D)  Chronic 
E)  Convalescent 
A)  Asymptomatic 
B)  Passive 
C)  Incubation 
D)  Chronic 
E)  Convalescent

Question 5

The intermediary object or individual from which the infectious agent is actually acquired is termed the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source 
A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct contact method of microbe transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fomites 
B)  Water 
C)  Vectors 
D)  Aerosols 
E)  Droplets 
A)  Fomites 
B)  Water 
C)  Vectors 
D)  Aerosols 
E)  Droplets

Question 7

Which of the following is the endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemolysin 
B)  Hyaluronidase 
C)  Streptokinase 
D)  Collagenase 
E)  Lipopolysaccharide 
A)  Hemolysin 
B)  Hyaluronidase 
C)  Streptokinase 
D)  Collagenase 
E)  Lipopolysaccharide

Question 8

Long-term or permanent damage to tissues or organs resulting from a specific disease are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  symptoms 
B)  sequelae 
C)  infections 
D)  latencies 
E)  dormancies 
A)  symptoms 
B)  sequelae 
C)  infections 
D)  latencies 
E)  dormancies

Question 9

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fomites 
B)  aerosols 
C)  mechanical vectors 
D)  droplet nuclei 
E)  biological vectors 
A)  fomites 
B)  aerosols 
C)  mechanical vectors 
D)  droplet nuclei 
E)  biological vectors

Question 10

Septicemia means that a pathogen is present and multiplying in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is not a method of adhesion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fimbriae 
B)  Surface proteins 
C)  Specialized receptors 
D)  Adhesive slime or capsules 
E)  Cilia 
A)  Fimbriae 
B)  Surface proteins 
C)  Specialized receptors 
D)  Adhesive slime or capsules 
E)  Cilia

Question 12

All of the following statements are true regarding discoveries made by the Human Microbiome Project except

Accepted Answer

A)  the genes coded by our microbiome number in the millions, whereas human cells contain approximately 21,000 genes. 
B)  areas of the body once believed to be sterile, are now known to harbor microbes. 
C)  the microbiota does not contain pathogens; all of the microbes in our microbiome are non-pathogenic. 
D)  the composition of the microbiome has implications for the development of other, non-infectious diseases such as diabetes, obesity and asthma. 
E)  bacteria, as well as viruses and fungi, make up the microbiome. 
A)  the genes coded by our microbiome number in the millions, whereas human cells contain approximately 21,000 genes. 
B)  areas of the body once believed to be sterile, are now known to harbor microbes. 
C)  the microbiota does not contain pathogens; all of the microbes in our microbiome are non-pathogenic. 
D)  the composition of the microbiome has implications for the development of other, non-infectious diseases such as diabetes, obesity and asthma. 
E)  bacteria, as well as viruses and fungi, make up the microbiome.

Question 13

Exotoxins are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed. 
C)  antiphagocytic factors. 
D)  secretions that always target nervous tissue. 
E)  lipopolysaccharides. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  only released after a cell is damaged or lysed. 
C)  antiphagocytic factors. 
D)  secretions that always target nervous tissue. 
E)  lipopolysaccharides.

Question 14

Leukopenia is the ________ in the level of white blood cells in a patient.

Accepted Answer

A)  elevation 
B)  stabilization 
C)  decrease 
A)  elevation 
B)  stabilization 
C)  decrease

Question 15

The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  syndrome 
B)  symptom 
C)  sign 
D)  pathology 
E)  inflammation 
A)  syndrome 
B)  symptom 
C)  sign 
D)  pathology 
E)  inflammation

Question 16

The initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prodromal stage 
B)  convalescent stage 
C)  incubation period 
D)  period of invasion 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  prodromal stage 
B)  convalescent stage 
C)  incubation period 
D)  period of invasion 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 17

As the infectious disease RN, you are familiar with the concept of normal biota. A positive Escherichia coli culture would be unremarkable for which of the following samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stool 
B)  Sputum 
C)  Blood 
D)  Cerebrospinal fluid 
A)  Stool 
B)  Sputum 
C)  Blood 
D)  Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

________ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  Asymptomatic 
B)  Passive 
C)  Incubation 
D)  Chronic 
E)  Convalescent 
A)  Asymptomatic 
B)  Passive 
C)  Incubation 
D)  Chronic 
E)  Convalescent

Question 19

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fimbriae - adherence to substrate 
B)  Capsules - antiphagocytic factor 
C)  Coagulase - dissolve fibrin clots 
D)  Leukocidins - damage white blood cells 
E)  Hemolysins - damage red blood cells 
A)  Fimbriae - adherence to substrate 
B)  Capsules - antiphagocytic factor 
C)  Coagulase - dissolve fibrin clots 
D)  Leukocidins - damage white blood cells 
E)  Hemolysins - damage red blood cells

Question 20

Resident biota are found in/on the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  skin 
B)  mouth 
C)  nasal passages 
D)  large intestine 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  skin 
B)  mouth 
C)  nasal passages 
D)  large intestine 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is the ________.

The virulence factors of a pathogen are established by how strong or weak a patient's body defenses are at the time of infection.

Upon admission to the inpatient unit, a respiratory sputum culture and blood culture are sent. Prior to obtaining the blood culture, you provide education to the patient. Which of the following statements, by the patient, best demonstrates understanding of the rationale for the blood culture?

________ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens a long time after they have recovered from an infectious disease.

The intermediary object or individual from which the infectious agent is actually acquired is termed the ________.

Which of the following is a direct contact method of microbe transmission?

Which of the following is the endotoxin?

Long-term or permanent damage to tissues or organs resulting from a specific disease are called ________.

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are ________.

Septicemia means that a pathogen is present and multiplying in the blood.

Which of the following is not a method of adhesion?

All of the following statements are true regarding discoveries made by the Human Microbiome Project except

Exotoxins are ________.

Leukopenia is the ________ in the level of white blood cells in a patient.

The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a(n) ________.

The initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches is the ________.

As the infectious disease RN, you are familiar with the concept of normal biota. A positive Escherichia coli culture would be unremarkable for which of the following samples?

________ carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Resident biota are found in/on the ________.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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