Exam 7: Deviance and Crime

______________ crime is a business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit.

Of all factors associated with crime,the age of the offender is one of the most significant.Arrest rates for index crimes are highest for people between the ages of:

Outline the four major goals of punishment: retribution,deterrence,incapacitation,and rehabilitation.

John is a drug addict who believes that using marijuana or other illegal drugs is no more deviant than drinking alcoholic beverages and therefore should not be stigmatized.John would be in the of labeling.

Based on sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory,innovation occurs when people accept culturally-approved goals and pursue them through approved means.Persons who want to achieve success through innovation work hard and save their money.

A person may shoplift an item of clothing from a department store but not be apprehended or labeled as a deviant.However,the person may decide to forgo such behavior in the future.This example illustrates what stage of deviance?

Define punishment,state the four functions of punishment,and explain the restorative justice perspective.

Criminologist Ronald Akers created the______________theory,which combines differential association theory with elements of psychological learning theory,suggesting that both deviant behavior and conventional behavior are learned through the same social processes.

Explain the factors that have led to such a dramatic rise in Internet crime.

All deviance is against the law and punishable.

According to sociologist______________,people with economic and political power define as criminal any behavior that threatens their own interests.The powerful use law to control those who are without power.

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)is the major source of information on crimes reported in the United States.The (NCVS)is compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and focuses on eight major crimes,called index crimes.

______________ crimes involve an illegal action voluntarily engaged in by the participants.Many people assert that such conduct should not be labeled a crime;these offenses are often referred to as victimless crimes because they involve a willing exchange of illegal goods or services among adults.

Compare the key components of sociologist Edwin Sutherland's differential association,criminologist Ronald Akers' differential reinforcement theory,and rational choice theory.

Societies also have various mechanisms to regulate people's behavior.______________refers to the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms,rules,and laws and to discourage deviance.

Which of the following is NOT a component of sociologist Travis Hirschi's social bonding theory?

According to Robert Merton's strain theory,______________refers to when people challenge both the approved goals and the approved means for achieving them and advocate an alternative set of goals or means.

Describe the crime classifications and how crime statistics are gathered.

A minister who is opposed to war conducts a nonviolent protest at a local military installation,thus committing a trespassing violation.This person has engaged in:

About______________percent of criminal cases are never tried in courts;instead,they are resolved by plea bargaining,a process in which the prosecution negotiates a reduced sentence for the accused in exchange for a guilty plea.