Question 1

Which of these statements concerning the causative agent of listeriosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can cause meningitis during the first month of life. 
B)  It is usually transmitted by the respiratory route. 
C)  It is uncommon in natural waters and vegetation. 
D)  It is a Gram-negative thermophile. 
E)  Most strains of L. monocytogenes are resistant to penicillin. 
A)  It can cause meningitis during the first month of life. 
B)  It is usually transmitted by the respiratory route. 
C)  It is uncommon in natural waters and vegetation. 
D)  It is a Gram-negative thermophile. 
E)  Most strains of L. monocytogenes are resistant to penicillin.

Question 2

The central nervous system (CNS) may become infected through the

Accepted Answer

A)  bloodstream. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  extensions from bone. 
D)  ventricles. 
E)  bloodstream, nerves, AND extensions from bone. 
A)  bloodstream. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  extensions from bone. 
D)  ventricles. 
E)  bloodstream, nerves, AND extensions from bone.

Question 3

Which statement regarding polio vaccines is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  OPV is an oral, attenuated vaccine. It provides better mucosal immunity than IPV and it can transmit immunity from person to person. 
B)  OPV does not require an injection and is cheaper, but it requires refrigeration and may occasionally cause the disease. 
C)  The rare cases of polio that still occurred in the U.S. after poliovirus was eliminated were caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). 
D)  IPV is unreliable at eliciting production of mucosal antibodies as demonstrated when polio occurred in a country that previously relied only on IPV vaccination. 
E)  The small risk of developing poliomyelitis due to vaccine-derived poliovirus led the United States to change to the routine use of OPV only. 
A)  OPV is an oral, attenuated vaccine. It provides better mucosal immunity than IPV and it can transmit immunity from person to person. 
B)  OPV does not require an injection and is cheaper, but it requires refrigeration and may occasionally cause the disease. 
C)  The rare cases of polio that still occurred in the U.S. after poliovirus was eliminated were caused by vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). 
D)  IPV is unreliable at eliciting production of mucosal antibodies as demonstrated when polio occurred in a country that previously relied only on IPV vaccination. 
E)  The small risk of developing poliomyelitis due to vaccine-derived poliovirus led the United States to change to the routine use of OPV only.

Question 4

Corneal implants have been implicated in a few cases of

Accepted Answer

A)  botulism. 
B)  trypanosomiasis. 
C)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob. 
D)  scrapie. 
E)  encephalitis. 
A)  botulism. 
B)  trypanosomiasis. 
C)  Creutzfeldt-Jakob. 
D)  scrapie. 
E)  encephalitis.

Question 5

The poliomyelitis virus is in the picornavirus family in the subgroup

Accepted Answer

A)  adenoviruses. 
B)  enteroviruses. 
C)  arboviruses. 
D)  dermotrophs. 
E)  retroviruses. 
A)  adenoviruses. 
B)  enteroviruses. 
C)  arboviruses. 
D)  dermotrophs. 
E)  retroviruses.

Question 6

The primary source of central nervous system (CNS) infections is through the

Accepted Answer

A)  bloodstream. 
B)  genitourinary system. 
C)  skin. 
D)  nerves. 
E)  gastrointestinal tract. 
A)  bloodstream. 
B)  genitourinary system. 
C)  skin. 
D)  nerves. 
E)  gastrointestinal tract.

Question 7

A pathologist claims it's much easier to determine the causative agent of meningitis than that of an infection of the skin or intestines. Is this true? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's not true. An infection is an infection, and it's always difficult to track down the exact causative agent. The organ system involved in the illness has nothing to do with identification of the causative agent. 
B)  It's true. The CNS is generally microbe free, whereas the skin and intestines have a diverse normal microbiota. Separating out a pathogenic causative agent from the normal microbiota in these areas would be much harder to do than in the CNS. 
C)  It's not true. The ventricles of the brain can provide a direct route for microbes to enter the CNS from the bloodstream. Therefore, it would be just as likely to find a pathogenic microbe in the CNS as it would be in the skin or intestines. 
D)  It's true. There are only 1 or 2 microbes that can cause meningitis, yet there are hundreds (if not thousands) that can cause skin/intestinal infections. This makes it much easier to determine the causative agent for a case of meningitis. 
E)  It is not true. It is almost impossible to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required to diagnose meningitis. It is far simpler to obtain a sample from the skin or intestines, so it is easier to diagnose diseases of these systems. 
A)  It's not true. An infection is an infection, and it's always difficult to track down the exact causative agent. The organ system involved in the illness has nothing to do with identification of the causative agent. 
B)  It's true. The CNS is generally microbe free, whereas the skin and intestines have a diverse normal microbiota. Separating out a pathogenic causative agent from the normal microbiota in these areas would be much harder to do than in the CNS. 
C)  It's not true. The ventricles of the brain can provide a direct route for microbes to enter the CNS from the bloodstream. Therefore, it would be just as likely to find a pathogenic microbe in the CNS as it would be in the skin or intestines. 
D)  It's true. There are only 1 or 2 microbes that can cause meningitis, yet there are hundreds (if not thousands) that can cause skin/intestinal infections. This makes it much easier to determine the causative agent for a case of meningitis. 
E)  It is not true. It is almost impossible to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required to diagnose meningitis. It is far simpler to obtain a sample from the skin or intestines, so it is easier to diagnose diseases of these systems.

Question 8

The PPSV23 vaccine may protect against pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis, and otitis media.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The nerves that carry information to the central nervous system (CNS) are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  motor nerves. 
B)  endocrine nerves. 
C)  sensory nerves. 
D)  cerebrospinal nerves. 
E)  central nerves. 
A)  motor nerves. 
B)  endocrine nerves. 
C)  sensory nerves. 
D)  cerebrospinal nerves. 
E)  central nerves.

Question 10

Mycobacterium leprae is only grown in living cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Characteristic inclusion bodies formed in cells of organisms infected with rabies are called

Accepted Answer

A)  Negri bodies. 
B)  metachromatic bodies. 
C)  polyphasic bodies. 
D)  Koplik spots. 
E)  rhabdobodies. 
A)  Negri bodies. 
B)  metachromatic bodies. 
C)  polyphasic bodies. 
D)  Koplik spots. 
E)  rhabdobodies.

Question 12

The initial symptoms of bacterial meningitis are the same regardless of the causative agent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Leprosy is

Accepted Answer

A)  an infectious disease caused by a virus. 
B)  a disease of the blood. 
C)  also known as Hansen's disease. 
D)  always fatal. 
E)  acquired by droplet transmission. 
A)  an infectious disease caused by a virus. 
B)  a disease of the blood. 
C)  also known as Hansen's disease. 
D)  always fatal. 
E)  acquired by droplet transmission.

Question 14

Identification of the various strains of N. meningitidis is through

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram staining. 
B)  serogrouping. 
C)  fluorescent antibodies. 
D)  titering. 
E)  signs and symptoms. 
A)  Gram staining. 
B)  serogrouping. 
C)  fluorescent antibodies. 
D)  titering. 
E)  signs and symptoms.

Question 15

The poliomyelitis virus appears to selectively destroy

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory nerve cells. 
B)  mixed nerve cells. 
C)  autonomic nerve cells. 
D)  motor nerve cells. 
E)  muscle cells. 
A)  sensory nerve cells. 
B)  mixed nerve cells. 
C)  autonomic nerve cells. 
D)  motor nerve cells. 
E)  muscle cells.

Question 16

Mycobacterium leprae has a generation time of

Accepted Answer

A)  12 days. 
B)  6 hours. 
C)  1 day. 
D)  20 minutes. 
E)  12-13 hours. 
A)  12 days. 
B)  6 hours. 
C)  1 day. 
D)  20 minutes. 
E)  12-13 hours.

Question 17

Why must amphotericin B be given intravenously and the dose carefully regulated when treating cryptococcal meningoencephalitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  To minimize the toxic effects of the medication. 
B)  To prevent development of resistance in the causative organism. 
C)  To prevent autoimmunity in the patient. 
D)  To avoid development of drug resistance in the patient. 
E)  To minimize the risk of endotoxic shock. 
A)  To minimize the toxic effects of the medication. 
B)  To prevent development of resistance in the causative organism. 
C)  To prevent autoimmunity in the patient. 
D)  To avoid development of drug resistance in the patient. 
E)  To minimize the risk of endotoxic shock.

Question 18

All cases of paralytic polio acquired in the U.S. between 1980 and 1999 were caused by Salk's polio vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Epidemics of meningitis appear to involve

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 20

What sign would differentiate meningococcal meningitis from pneumococcal meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Petechiae are seen in meningococcal meningitis but not in pneumococcal meningitis. 
B)  Petechiae are seen in pneumococcal meningitis but not in meningococcal meningitis. 
C)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with meningococcal meningitis but not with pneumococcal meningitis. 
D)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with pneumococcal meningitis but not with meningococcal meningitis. 
E)  It is impossible to differentiate between pneumococcal meningitis and meningococcal meningitis. 
A)  Petechiae are seen in meningococcal meningitis but not in pneumococcal meningitis. 
B)  Petechiae are seen in pneumococcal meningitis but not in meningococcal meningitis. 
C)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with meningococcal meningitis but not with pneumococcal meningitis. 
D)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with pneumococcal meningitis but not with meningococcal meningitis. 
E)  It is impossible to differentiate between pneumococcal meningitis and meningococcal meningitis.

Exam 26: Nervous System Infections

Which of these statements concerning the causative agent of listeriosis is TRUE?

The central nervous system (CNS) may become infected through the

Which statement regarding polio vaccines is FALSE?

Corneal implants have been implicated in a few cases of

The poliomyelitis virus is in the picornavirus family in the subgroup

The primary source of central nervous system (CNS) infections is through the

A pathologist claims it's much easier to determine the causative agent of meningitis than that of an infection of the skin or intestines. Is this true? Why or why not?

The PPSV23 vaccine may protect against pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis, and otitis media.

The nerves that carry information to the central nervous system (CNS) are termed

Mycobacterium leprae is only grown in living cells.

Characteristic inclusion bodies formed in cells of organisms infected with rabies are called

The initial symptoms of bacterial meningitis are the same regardless of the causative agent.

Leprosy is

Identification of the various strains of N. meningitidis is through

The poliomyelitis virus appears to selectively destroy

Mycobacterium leprae has a generation time of

Why must amphotericin B be given intravenously and the dose carefully regulated when treating cryptococcal meningoencephalitis?

All cases of paralytic polio acquired in the U.S. between 1980 and 1999 were caused by Salk's polio vaccine.

Epidemics of meningitis appear to involve

What sign would differentiate meningococcal meningitis from pneumococcal meningitis?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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