Question 1

The incubation period of rabies is partially determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  age of the patient AND length of journey from the bite site to the brain. 
B)  season of the year that the disease is acquired AND length of journey from the bite site to the brain. 
C)  length of journey from the bite site to the brain AND the amount of virus introduced into the wound. 
D)  the amount of virus introduced into the wound AND season of the year that the disease is acquired. 
E)  season of the year that the disease is acquired AND the age of the patient. 
A)  age of the patient AND length of journey from the bite site to the brain. 
B)  season of the year that the disease is acquired AND length of journey from the bite site to the brain. 
C)  length of journey from the bite site to the brain AND the amount of virus introduced into the wound. 
D)  the amount of virus introduced into the wound AND season of the year that the disease is acquired. 
E)  season of the year that the disease is acquired AND the age of the patient.

Question 2

Which statement is would NOT apply to CSF taken from a person you suspect has bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CSF would be cloudy and opaque rather than pale yellow and clear. 
B)  The CSF would have high protein levels compared with blood. 
C)  The CSF would contain neutrophils. 
D)  The CSF would have low glucose levels compared with blood. 
E)  The CSF would be bloody and opaque rather than pale yellow and cloudy. 
A)  The CSF would be cloudy and opaque rather than pale yellow and clear. 
B)  The CSF would have high protein levels compared with blood. 
C)  The CSF would contain neutrophils. 
D)  The CSF would have low glucose levels compared with blood. 
E)  The CSF would be bloody and opaque rather than pale yellow and cloudy.

Question 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are frequently part of the normal microbiota of the nasal passages and throat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The central nervous system is made up of the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain and spinal cord. 
B)  spinal cord and spinal nerves. 
C)  sympathetic and parasympathetic system. 
D)  brain and endocrine organs. 
E)  spinal nerves and meninges. 
A)  brain and spinal cord. 
B)  spinal cord and spinal nerves. 
C)  sympathetic and parasympathetic system. 
D)  brain and endocrine organs. 
E)  spinal nerves and meninges.

Question 5

Why is toxoplasmosis is not treated in otherwise healthy people?

Accepted Answer

A)  Healthy people do not get toxoplasmosis. 
B)  There are no medications available for treatment. 
C)  T. gondii is extremely resistant to medications. 
D)  The disease is brought under control by their immune system. 
E)  The available medications are very toxic to most people. 
A)  Healthy people do not get toxoplasmosis. 
B)  There are no medications available for treatment. 
C)  T. gondii is extremely resistant to medications. 
D)  The disease is brought under control by their immune system. 
E)  The available medications are very toxic to most people.

Question 6

The only known human pathogen that preferentially attacks the peripheral nerves is

Accepted Answer

A)  N. meningitidis. 
B)  polio virus. 
C)  M. leprae. 
D)  E. coli. 
E)  H. leprae. 
A)  N. meningitidis. 
B)  polio virus. 
C)  M. leprae. 
D)  E. coli. 
E)  H. leprae.

Question 7

Food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum often

Accepted Answer

A)  appears normal. 
B)  looks odd. 
C)  smells bad. 
D)  tastes bad. 
E)  is frothy. 
A)  appears normal. 
B)  looks odd. 
C)  smells bad. 
D)  tastes bad. 
E)  is frothy.

Question 8

Which statement regarding the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bloodstream is the primary source of CNS infections, but these infections are rare because it is difficult for microbes to move from the bloodstream into the brain. 
B)  There is no normal microbiota in the central nervous system, while the peripheral nervous system contains a few common bacterial genera. 
C)  Information in the form of electrical impulses enters the neuron via the dendrites, and exits that neuron via the axon, from where they enter another cell. 
D)  Neurons communicate via chemicals called neurotransmitters; these are released by one cell and bind to receptors on the membrane of the next cell. 
E)  The central nervous system is protected by bone and membranes called meninges, while nerves in the peripheral nervous system do not have these protective coverings. 
A)  The bloodstream is the primary source of CNS infections, but these infections are rare because it is difficult for microbes to move from the bloodstream into the brain. 
B)  There is no normal microbiota in the central nervous system, while the peripheral nervous system contains a few common bacterial genera. 
C)  Information in the form of electrical impulses enters the neuron via the dendrites, and exits that neuron via the axon, from where they enter another cell. 
D)  Neurons communicate via chemicals called neurotransmitters; these are released by one cell and bind to receptors on the membrane of the next cell. 
E)  The central nervous system is protected by bone and membranes called meninges, while nerves in the peripheral nervous system do not have these protective coverings.

Question 9

The symptom at the site of an animal bite that suggests rabies as a possible diagnosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  failing to heal. 
B)  blue-green pus. 
C)  tingling or twitching. 
D)  inflammation with high fever. 
E)  blisters. 
A)  failing to heal. 
B)  blue-green pus. 
C)  tingling or twitching. 
D)  inflammation with high fever. 
E)  blisters.

Question 10

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii differs from the general pattern of fungal central nervous system (CNS) disease by occurring in

Accepted Answer

A)  otherwise healthy people. 
B)  children. 
C)  AIDS patients. 
D)  immunosuppressed people. 
E)  animals only. 
A)  otherwise healthy people. 
B)  children. 
C)  AIDS patients. 
D)  immunosuppressed people. 
E)  animals only.

Question 11

The incubation period of leprosy is

Accepted Answer

A)  1 week. 
B)  3 weeks. 
C)  3 months. 
D)  3 or more years. 
E)  over 10 years. 
A)  1 week. 
B)  3 weeks. 
C)  3 months. 
D)  3 or more years. 
E)  over 10 years.

Question 12

The early symptoms of rabies generally begin

Accepted Answer

A)  1 day after viral entry. 
B)  1-2 months after viral entry. 
C)  6 months after viral entry. 
D)  1 year after viral entry. 
E)  immediately after viral entry. 
A)  1 day after viral entry. 
B)  1-2 months after viral entry. 
C)  6 months after viral entry. 
D)  1 year after viral entry. 
E)  immediately after viral entry.

Question 13

Why is it important to learn about rabies, considering that only a few cases occur in the United States each year?

Accepted Answer

A)  The U.S. isn't the entire world. Rabies might be more common in other areas, and it's important to understand due to the fact that this disease is nearly always fatal. 
B)  The only reason why rabies isn't common in the U.S. is due to our lack of interaction with animal carriers. We could very easily have an outbreak of rabies if we don't know the warning signs to watch for that we've learned about by studying the virus and disease. 
C)  Rabies can never be completely eliminated-it has too many different animal reservoirs/carriers. As such, we need to remain constantly aware of how to protect human populations, both by preventing and treating the illness. We can only do that by learning about it. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  The U.S. isn't the entire world. Rabies might be more common in other areas, and it's important to understand due to the fact that this disease is nearly always fatal. 
B)  The only reason why rabies isn't common in the U.S. is due to our lack of interaction with animal carriers. We could very easily have an outbreak of rabies if we don't know the warning signs to watch for that we've learned about by studying the virus and disease. 
C)  Rabies can never be completely eliminated-it has too many different animal reservoirs/carriers. As such, we need to remain constantly aware of how to protect human populations, both by preventing and treating the illness. We can only do that by learning about it. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 14

Why can an infection in the brain's ventricles usually be detected in spinal fluid obtained from the lower back (lumbar region)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originates in the ventricles, but percolates over and around the brain and spinal cord. 
B)  There is a high degree of vascularity that exists, allowing easy transfer of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood. 
C)  There is a set of lymph nodes specifically in place to drain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles. They are found in the lumbar region of the spinal column. 
D)  This is an incorrect statement. Since the central nervous system (CNS) is a protected site due to the blood-brain barrier, there can never BE an infection in the ventricles. 
E)  When ventricles are infected, the brain reacts by pumping the causative pathogens into the CFS so that they can be removed by the immune system. 
A)  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originates in the ventricles, but percolates over and around the brain and spinal cord. 
B)  There is a high degree of vascularity that exists, allowing easy transfer of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood. 
C)  There is a set of lymph nodes specifically in place to drain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles. They are found in the lumbar region of the spinal column. 
D)  This is an incorrect statement. Since the central nervous system (CNS) is a protected site due to the blood-brain barrier, there can never BE an infection in the ventricles. 
E)  When ventricles are infected, the brain reacts by pumping the causative pathogens into the CFS so that they can be removed by the immune system.

Question 15

Humans acquire the arbovirus that causes epidemic encephalitis by

Accepted Answer

A)  the fecal-oral route. 
B)  human to human contact. 
C)  the bite of an infected mosquito. 
D)  contaminated food. 
E)  unprotected sex with an infected person. 
A)  the fecal-oral route. 
B)  human to human contact. 
C)  the bite of an infected mosquito. 
D)  contaminated food. 
E)  unprotected sex with an infected person.

Exam 26: Nervous System Infections

The incubation period of rabies is partially determined by

Which statement is would NOT apply to CSF taken from a person you suspect has bacterial meningitis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are frequently part of the normal microbiota of the nasal passages and throat.

The central nervous system is made up of the

Why is toxoplasmosis is not treated in otherwise healthy people?

The only known human pathogen that preferentially attacks the peripheral nerves is

Food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum often

Which statement regarding the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system is FALSE?

The symptom at the site of an animal bite that suggests rabies as a possible diagnosis is

Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii differs from the general pattern of fungal central nervous system (CNS) disease by occurring in

The incubation period of leprosy is

The early symptoms of rabies generally begin

Why is it important to learn about rabies, considering that only a few cases occur in the United States each year?

Why can an infection in the brain's ventricles usually be detected in spinal fluid obtained from the lower back (lumbar region)?

Humans acquire the arbovirus that causes epidemic encephalitis by

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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