Question 1

How could heavily fertilized lawns contribute to cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Run-off from the lawns will get into the water system, leading to large amounts of nitrogen that can be used by cyanobacteria in water systems. 
B)  Nutrient-rich grass will be mowed down, with grass clipping bits eventually washing into sewer systems and into larger bodies of water. These grass clippings will serve as a nutrient source for cyanobacteria, leading to blooms. 
C)  Large amounts of fertilizer will lead to excessive production of greenhouse gases (like CO2) from grass in lawns. Excessive CO2 production will lead to large blooms of cyanobacteria in water systems. 
D)  Fertilizers contains compounds that encourage the production of bacteriochlorophylls; after rain, fertilizers get into water and are used by cyanobacteria. 
E)  They won't-the two systems are completely unrelated. How could grass in lawns contribute to effects in lakes and oceans? 
A)  Run-off from the lawns will get into the water system, leading to large amounts of nitrogen that can be used by cyanobacteria in water systems. 
B)  Nutrient-rich grass will be mowed down, with grass clipping bits eventually washing into sewer systems and into larger bodies of water. These grass clippings will serve as a nutrient source for cyanobacteria, leading to blooms. 
C)  Large amounts of fertilizer will lead to excessive production of greenhouse gases (like CO2) from grass in lawns. Excessive CO2 production will lead to large blooms of cyanobacteria in water systems. 
D)  Fertilizers contains compounds that encourage the production of bacteriochlorophylls; after rain, fertilizers get into water and are used by cyanobacteria. 
E)  They won't-the two systems are completely unrelated. How could grass in lawns contribute to effects in lakes and oceans?

Question 2

Which of the following are spirochetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Borrelia AND Treponema 
B)  Clostridium AND Borrelia 
C)  Leptospira AND Escherichia 
D)  Treponema AND Bacillus 
E)  Escherichia AND Neisseria 
A)  Borrelia AND Treponema 
B)  Clostridium AND Borrelia 
C)  Leptospira AND Escherichia 
D)  Treponema AND Bacillus 
E)  Escherichia AND Neisseria

Question 3

Bdellovibrio species

Accepted Answer

A)  prey on other bacteria. 
B)  are parasites of plants. 
C)  may fix nitrogen. 
D)  are photosynthetic. 
E)  are filamentous. 
A)  prey on other bacteria. 
B)  are parasites of plants. 
C)  may fix nitrogen. 
D)  are photosynthetic. 
E)  are filamentous.

Question 4

Which of the following genera are obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlamydia AND Mycoplasma 
B)  Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, AND Micrococcus 
C)  Escherichia AND Erlichia 
D)  Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia 
E)  Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia 
A)  Chlamydia AND Mycoplasma 
B)  Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, AND Micrococcus 
C)  Escherichia AND Erlichia 
D)  Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia 
E)  Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia

Question 5

Lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococcus are obligate fermenters that can exist in an aerobic environment due to their use of catalase to mitigate the presence of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Bacteria that may form endospores include

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli AND Bacillus. 
B)  Pseudomonas AND Micrococcus. 
C)  Clostridium AND Bacillus. 
D)  Enterococcus AND Deinococcus. 
E)  Clostridium AND Deinococcus. 
A)  E. coli AND Bacillus. 
B)  Pseudomonas AND Micrococcus. 
C)  Clostridium AND Bacillus. 
D)  Enterococcus AND Deinococcus. 
E)  Clostridium AND Deinococcus.

Question 7

Which organism(s) is/are acid-fast?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nocardia AND Mycobacterium 
B)  Pseudomonas AND Escherichia 
C)  Escherichia AND Mycobacterium 
D)  Mycobacterium AND Pseudomonas 
E)  Nocardia AND Pseudomonas 
A)  Nocardia AND Mycobacterium 
B)  Pseudomonas AND Escherichia 
C)  Escherichia AND Mycobacterium 
D)  Mycobacterium AND Pseudomonas 
E)  Nocardia AND Pseudomonas

Question 8

Which of the following genera have dormant forms that are resistant to extreme environmental conditions?
i. Bacillus
ii. Clostridium
iii. Neisseria
iv. Micrococcus
v. Leptospira

Accepted Answer

A)  i, ii, AND v 
B)  i, iii, AND v 
C)  iii AND iv 
D)  i AND ii 
E)  ii ONLY 
A)  i, ii, AND v 
B)  i, iii, AND v 
C)  iii AND iv 
D)  i AND ii 
E)  ii ONLY

Question 9

Endospores

Accepted Answer

A)  are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria. 
B)  are a form of reproduction AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria. 
C)  are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are involved in anaerobic respiration. 
D)  are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria AND are involved in anaerobic respiration. 
E)  are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are found in any environmental bacteria. 
A)  are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria. 
B)  are a form of reproduction AND are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria. 
C)  are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are involved in anaerobic respiration. 
D)  are formed by members of medically relevant groups of bacteria AND are involved in anaerobic respiration. 
E)  are a dormant form of a bacterium AND are found in any environmental bacteria.

Question 10

Phycobiliproteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  found in purple sulfur bacteria AND are used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll. 
B)  found in cyanobacteria AND are used to reduce hydrogen sulfide. 
C)  used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll AND are used to reduce hydrogen sulfide. 
D)  are used to reduce hydrogen sulfide AND are found in purple sulfur bacteria. 
E)  found in cyanobacteria AND used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll. 
A)  found in purple sulfur bacteria AND are used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll. 
B)  found in cyanobacteria AND are used to reduce hydrogen sulfide. 
C)  used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll AND are used to reduce hydrogen sulfide. 
D)  are used to reduce hydrogen sulfide AND are found in purple sulfur bacteria. 
E)  found in cyanobacteria AND used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll.

Question 11

Sulfolobus species are found at the surface of acidic sulfur-containing hot springs such as many of those found in Yellowstone National Park. They only grow at temperatures above 50°C and at a pH between 1 and 6. How would you classify these organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic, acidophilic mesophiles 
B)  Aerobic, acidophilic thermophiles 
C)  Microaerophilic, halotolerant basophiles 
D)  Aerobic, psychrophilic acidophiles 
E)  Psychrotrophic neutrophiles 
A)  Anaerobic, acidophilic mesophiles 
B)  Aerobic, acidophilic thermophiles 
C)  Microaerophilic, halotolerant basophiles 
D)  Aerobic, psychrophilic acidophiles 
E)  Psychrotrophic neutrophiles

Question 12

Which causes uncontrolled growth of plant tissue, resulting in a tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Rhizobium 
C)  Yersinia pestis 
D)  Agrobacterium 
E)  Cyanobacteria 
A)  Bacillus anthracis 
B)  Rhizobium 
C)  Yersinia pestis 
D)  Agrobacterium 
E)  Cyanobacteria

Question 13

Movement of spirochetes occurs by means of structures called

Accepted Answer

A)  cilia. 
B)  flagella. 
C)  endoflagella. 
D)  pili. 
E)  microvilli. 
A)  cilia. 
B)  flagella. 
C)  endoflagella. 
D)  pili. 
E)  microvilli.

Question 14

Azotobacter

Accepted Answer

A)  forms endospores. 
B)  fixes nitrogen. 
C)  fixes carbon dioxide. 
D)  is used as an indicator of fecal pollution. 
E)  is a hyperthermophile. 
A)  forms endospores. 
B)  fixes nitrogen. 
C)  fixes carbon dioxide. 
D)  is used as an indicator of fecal pollution. 
E)  is a hyperthermophile.

Question 15

The genus of bacteria that is able to fix nitrogen and form heterocysts is

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas. 
B)  Anabaena. 
C)  Escherichia. 
D)  Vibrio. 
E)  Streptococcus. 
A)  Pseudomonas. 
B)  Anabaena. 
C)  Escherichia. 
D)  Vibrio. 
E)  Streptococcus.

Question 16

Streptococcus pyogenes

Accepted Answer

A)  is alpha-hemolytic. 
B)  is gamma-hemolytic. 
C)  is beta-hemolytic. 
D)  may form endospores. 
E)  is alpha-hemolytic AND may form endospores. 
A)  is alpha-hemolytic. 
B)  is gamma-hemolytic. 
C)  is beta-hemolytic. 
D)  may form endospores. 
E)  is alpha-hemolytic AND may form endospores.

Question 17

Methanogens often grow in association with

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrifying bacteria. 
B)  fermentative bacteria. 
C)  lithotrophic bacteria. 
D)  photosynthetic bacteria. 
E)  pathogenic bacteria. 
A)  nitrifying bacteria. 
B)  fermentative bacteria. 
C)  lithotrophic bacteria. 
D)  photosynthetic bacteria. 
E)  pathogenic bacteria.

Question 18

Many spirochetes are difficult to cultivate, so their classification is based on their

Accepted Answer

A)  morphology AND ability to cause disease. 
B)  number of flagella AND morphology. 
C)  pattern of pili AND flexible cell wall. 
D)  number of chromosomes AND pattern of flagella. 
E)  ability to cause disease AND pattern of flagella. 
A)  morphology AND ability to cause disease. 
B)  number of flagella AND morphology. 
C)  pattern of pili AND flexible cell wall. 
D)  number of chromosomes AND pattern of flagella. 
E)  ability to cause disease AND pattern of flagella.

Question 19

Your patient asks you how a bacterium can survive in her stomach, which she knows is very acidic. You explain that

Accepted Answer

A)  H. pylori produces urease that converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; the ammonia neutralizes the pH of the stomach, allowing the bacteria to survive. 
B)  H. pylori has the ability to form endospores in hostile environmental conditions. It does this in the acidic stomach, only germinating once they reach the small intestine. 
C)  H. pylori is an acidophile, and as such prefers acidic pH levels of 1-3; gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid which has a very low pH. 
D)  H. pylori is encased in the very thick polysaccharide capsule that protects it from the degradative effects of the HCl found in the stomach. 
E)  H. pylori forms a biofilm with the other normal microbiota of the stomach. The structure of the biofilm covers and protects the bacteria within it. 
A)  H. pylori produces urease that converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; the ammonia neutralizes the pH of the stomach, allowing the bacteria to survive. 
B)  H. pylori has the ability to form endospores in hostile environmental conditions. It does this in the acidic stomach, only germinating once they reach the small intestine. 
C)  H. pylori is an acidophile, and as such prefers acidic pH levels of 1-3; gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid which has a very low pH. 
D)  H. pylori is encased in the very thick polysaccharide capsule that protects it from the degradative effects of the HCl found in the stomach. 
E)  H. pylori forms a biofilm with the other normal microbiota of the stomach. The structure of the biofilm covers and protects the bacteria within it.

Question 20

Which of the following microbes is(are) important to cheese-making?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid bacteria 
B)  Clostridium acetylbutylicum 
C)  Desulfovibrio 
D)  Propionibacterium 
E)  Lactic acid bacteria AND Propionibacterium 
A)  lactic acid bacteria 
B)  Clostridium acetylbutylicum 
C)  Desulfovibrio 
D)  Propionibacterium 
E)  Lactic acid bacteria AND Propionibacterium

Exam 11: The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

How could heavily fertilized lawns contribute to cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and oceans?

Which of the following are spirochetes?

Bdellovibrio species

Which of the following genera are obligate intracellular parasites?

Lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococcus are obligate fermenters that can exist in an aerobic environment due to their use of catalase to mitigate the presence of oxygen.

Bacteria that may form endospores include

Which organism(s) is/are acid-fast?

Which of the following genera have dormant forms that are resistant to extreme environmental conditions? i. Bacillus ii. Clostridium iii. Neisseria iv. Micrococcus v. Leptospira

Endospores

Phycobiliproteins are

Sulfolobus species are found at the surface of acidic sulfur-containing hot springs such as many of those found in Yellowstone National Park. They only grow at temperatures above 50°C and at a pH between 1 and 6. How would you classify these organisms?

Which causes uncontrolled growth of plant tissue, resulting in a tumor?

Movement of spirochetes occurs by means of structures called

Azotobacter

The genus of bacteria that is able to fix nitrogen and form heterocysts is

Streptococcus pyogenes

Methanogens often grow in association with

Many spirochetes are difficult to cultivate, so their classification is based on their

Your patient asks you how a bacterium can survive in her stomach, which she knows is very acidic. You explain that

Which of the following microbes is(are) important to cheese-making?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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