Question 1

Anoxygenic phototrophs

Accepted Answer

A)  produce oxygen. 
B)  use water as a source of electrons. 
C)  use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds as a source of electrons. 
D)  use the same form of chlorophyll found in terrestrial plants. 
E)  produce oxygen AND use the same form of chlorophyll found in terrestrial plants. 
A)  produce oxygen. 
B)  use water as a source of electrons. 
C)  use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds as a source of electrons. 
D)  use the same form of chlorophyll found in terrestrial plants. 
E)  produce oxygen AND use the same form of chlorophyll found in terrestrial plants.

Question 2

Luminescence

Accepted Answer

A)  is catalyzed by luciferase. 
B)  may be controlled by quorum sensing. 
C)  may be produced by bacteria. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  is catalyzed by luciferase. 
B)  may be controlled by quorum sensing. 
C)  may be produced by bacteria. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 3

Relatively little is known about many obligate anaerobes. Why might this be so?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are far more obligate aerobes in any environment, so it is much easier to study them. 
B)  It is difficult to provide the right atmospheric environment to cultivate obligate anaerobes, so it's been harder to study them. 
C)  Only obligate aerobes cause disease, so we have had little reason to study obligate anaerobes. 
D)  The majority of obligate anaerobes are very nutritionally fastidious, which makes it difficult to study them. 
E)  It is difficult to provide the right temperature to cultivate obligate anaerobes, so it's been harder to study them. 
A)  There are far more obligate aerobes in any environment, so it is much easier to study them. 
B)  It is difficult to provide the right atmospheric environment to cultivate obligate anaerobes, so it's been harder to study them. 
C)  Only obligate aerobes cause disease, so we have had little reason to study obligate anaerobes. 
D)  The majority of obligate anaerobes are very nutritionally fastidious, which makes it difficult to study them. 
E)  It is difficult to provide the right temperature to cultivate obligate anaerobes, so it's been harder to study them.

Question 4

Streptomyces

Accepted Answer

A)  resemble fungi in their pattern of growth AND produce a number of antibiotics. 
B)  resemble fungi in their pattern of growth AND produce a characteristic blue-green pigment. 
C)  produce a number of antibiotics AND form endospores. 
D)  produce a characteristic blue-green pigment AND form endospores. 
E)  form endospores AND resemble fungi in their pattern of growth. 
A)  resemble fungi in their pattern of growth AND produce a number of antibiotics. 
B)  resemble fungi in their pattern of growth AND produce a characteristic blue-green pigment. 
C)  produce a number of antibiotics AND form endospores. 
D)  produce a characteristic blue-green pigment AND form endospores. 
E)  form endospores AND resemble fungi in their pattern of growth.

Question 5

You prescribe two antibiotics for your patient, to be taken at the same time. You explain that two medications are used

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent your patient from developing antibiotic resistance. 
B)  because H. pylori makes endospores and is very resistant. 
C)  because viruses are always treated with two different antibiotics. 
D)  because H. pylori forms cysts that are difficult to destroy. 
E)  to prevent the H. pylori from developing antibiotic resistance. 
A)  to prevent your patient from developing antibiotic resistance. 
B)  because H. pylori makes endospores and is very resistant. 
C)  because viruses are always treated with two different antibiotics. 
D)  because H. pylori forms cysts that are difficult to destroy. 
E)  to prevent the H. pylori from developing antibiotic resistance.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT associated with a Clostridium species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetanus 
B)  Botulism 
C)  Strep throat 
D)  Gas gangrene 
E)  Antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease 
A)  Tetanus 
B)  Botulism 
C)  Strep throat 
D)  Gas gangrene 
E)  Antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease

Question 7

What roles do hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide play in the metabolism of methanogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen gas is their energy source, and carbon dioxide is their terminal electron acceptor. 
B)  Hydrogen gas is their terminal electron acceptor, and carbon dioxide is their energy source. 
C)  Hydrogen gas is their energy source, and carbon dioxide is their carbohydrate source. 
D)  Hydrogen gas is their initial electron acceptor, and carbon dioxide is their energy source. 
E)  They use hydrogen gas in respiration, and they use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. 
A)  Hydrogen gas is their energy source, and carbon dioxide is their terminal electron acceptor. 
B)  Hydrogen gas is their terminal electron acceptor, and carbon dioxide is their energy source. 
C)  Hydrogen gas is their energy source, and carbon dioxide is their carbohydrate source. 
D)  Hydrogen gas is their initial electron acceptor, and carbon dioxide is their energy source. 
E)  They use hydrogen gas in respiration, and they use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

Question 8

Anoxygenic phototrophs grow photosynthetically only under aerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The earliest oxygenic phototrophs are thought to be

Accepted Answer

A)  purple sulfur bacteria. 
B)  green non-sulfur bacteria. 
C)  purple non-sulfur bacteria. 
D)  cyanobacteria. 
E)  cyanoarchaea. 
A)  purple sulfur bacteria. 
B)  green non-sulfur bacteria. 
C)  purple non-sulfur bacteria. 
D)  cyanobacteria. 
E)  cyanoarchaea.

Question 10

Which of the following about Mycoplasma is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack peptidoglycan. 
B)  They are the smallest free-living organisms. 
C)  They have sterols in their membranes. 
D)  They are killed by penicillin. 
E)  They are pleomorphic. 
A)  They lack peptidoglycan. 
B)  They are the smallest free-living organisms. 
C)  They have sterols in their membranes. 
D)  They are killed by penicillin. 
E)  They are pleomorphic.

Question 11

Cyanobacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  are a form of algae. 
B)  are prokaryotes. 
C)  use hydrogen sulfide as an electron source. 
D)  are eukaryotes. 
E)  contribute to global CO2 buildup. 
A)  are a form of algae. 
B)  are prokaryotes. 
C)  use hydrogen sulfide as an electron source. 
D)  are eukaryotes. 
E)  contribute to global CO2 buildup.

Question 12

Heterocysts

Accepted Answer

A)  are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND produce catalase. 
B)  are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND are used to protect nitrogenase. 
C)  are used to protect nitrogenase AND generate oxygen. 
D)  produce catalase AND are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. 
E)  are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND generate oxygen. 
A)  are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND produce catalase. 
B)  are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND are used to protect nitrogenase. 
C)  are used to protect nitrogenase AND generate oxygen. 
D)  produce catalase AND are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. 
E)  are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND generate oxygen.

Question 13

The methanogens

Accepted Answer

A)  are part of the domain Archaea AND appear only in aerobic environments. 
B)  oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane AND appear only in aerobic environments. 
C)  use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND appear only in aerobic environments. 
D)  use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane. 
E)  are part of the domain Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane. 
A)  are part of the domain Archaea AND appear only in aerobic environments. 
B)  oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane AND appear only in aerobic environments. 
C)  use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND appear only in aerobic environments. 
D)  use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane. 
E)  are part of the domain Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.

Question 14

A student complains that it makes no sense to worry about coliform bacteria in water, since we naturally have harmless coliforms in our intestines anyway. Is the student correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  No. The coliforms in our intestines are usually harmful, causing intestinal infections. We need to constantly be on guard against this happening. Coliforms in water might add to this potential problem. 
B)  No. Not all coliforms are harmless to humans. It's best to keep coliforms OUT of our drinking water, since it's difficult to identify which ones might be harmless and which ones might be harmful. 
C)  No. Multiple types of coliforms in water might lead to greater antibiotic resistance in other aquatic bacteria, creating an environmental problem. 
D)  Yes. Regulatory agencies that monitor coliform levels in water simply need something to do to justify their existence. There is no real danger from coliforms in water supplies. 
E)  No. Clean water should not have any bacteria in it at all, so if any are present, they automatically pose a health risk to anyone swimming in or drinking that water. 
A)  No. The coliforms in our intestines are usually harmful, causing intestinal infections. We need to constantly be on guard against this happening. Coliforms in water might add to this potential problem. 
B)  No. Not all coliforms are harmless to humans. It's best to keep coliforms OUT of our drinking water, since it's difficult to identify which ones might be harmless and which ones might be harmful. 
C)  No. Multiple types of coliforms in water might lead to greater antibiotic resistance in other aquatic bacteria, creating an environmental problem. 
D)  Yes. Regulatory agencies that monitor coliform levels in water simply need something to do to justify their existence. There is no real danger from coliforms in water supplies. 
E)  No. Clean water should not have any bacteria in it at all, so if any are present, they automatically pose a health risk to anyone swimming in or drinking that water.

Question 15

Please select the definition that is INCORRECT.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemotrophs-organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds. 
B)  Chemolithotrophs-organisms that harvest energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals. 
C)  Anoxygenic phototrophs-photosynthetic organisms that do not produce O2. 
D)  Nitrifiers-Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds. 
E)  Mycobacteria-Gram-negative bacteria that group together to form complex fruiting bodies. 
A)  Chemotrophs-organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds. 
B)  Chemolithotrophs-organisms that harvest energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals. 
C)  Anoxygenic phototrophs-photosynthetic organisms that do not produce O2. 
D)  Nitrifiers-Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds. 
E)  Mycobacteria-Gram-negative bacteria that group together to form complex fruiting bodies.

Question 16

Agrobacterium species

Accepted Answer

A)  contain the Ti plasmid that modifies the growth of plant tissue. 
B)  produce antibiotics. 
C)  infect animal cells. 
D)  resemble fungus. 
E)  are a group of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that often fix nitrogen. 
A)  contain the Ti plasmid that modifies the growth of plant tissue. 
B)  produce antibiotics. 
C)  infect animal cells. 
D)  resemble fungus. 
E)  are a group of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that often fix nitrogen.

Question 17

Wolbachia are found only in

Accepted Answer

A)  hot springs. 
B)  plants. 
C)  mammals. 
D)  arthropods. 
E)  marine water. 
A)  hot springs. 
B)  plants. 
C)  mammals. 
D)  arthropods. 
E)  marine water.

Question 18

Approximately 99% of the microbes in the intestines are obligate anaerobes. We have plenty of blood vessels that can bring oxygen to the tissues of the intestines. Why would there be obligate anaerobes within these areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria in the intestines are protected from exposure to the oxygen in the tissues by the lining of the intestines. 
B)  The bacteria consume all the oxygen in the tissue areas brought by the blood vessels, creating an anaerobic environment. 
C)  The inside space of the intestines is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where oxygen cannot reach and it is not supplied with blood. 
D)  The aerobic microbes are outcompeted for nutrients in these areas by the anaerobic microbes. 
E)  The inside space of the intestines is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where carbon dioxide accumulates. 
A)  The bacteria in the intestines are protected from exposure to the oxygen in the tissues by the lining of the intestines. 
B)  The bacteria consume all the oxygen in the tissue areas brought by the blood vessels, creating an anaerobic environment. 
C)  The inside space of the intestines is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where oxygen cannot reach and it is not supplied with blood. 
D)  The aerobic microbes are outcompeted for nutrients in these areas by the anaerobic microbes. 
E)  The inside space of the intestines is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where carbon dioxide accumulates.

Question 19

It has been estimated that 99% of intestinal bacteria are

Accepted Answer

A)  obligate aerobes. 
B)  facultative anaerobes. 
C)  obligate anaerobes. 
D)  facultative aerobes. 
E)  thermophiles. 
A)  obligate aerobes. 
B)  facultative anaerobes. 
C)  obligate anaerobes. 
D)  facultative aerobes. 
E)  thermophiles.

Question 20

Sphaerotilus and Leptothrix are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  purple sulfur bacteria. 
B)  Enterobacteriaceae. 
C)  sheathed bacteria. 
D)  green non-sulfur bacteria. 
E)  prosthecate bacteria. 
A)  purple sulfur bacteria. 
B)  Enterobacteriaceae. 
C)  sheathed bacteria. 
D)  green non-sulfur bacteria. 
E)  prosthecate bacteria.

Exam 11: The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

Anoxygenic phototrophs

Luminescence

Relatively little is known about many obligate anaerobes. Why might this be so?

Streptomyces

You prescribe two antibiotics for your patient, to be taken at the same time. You explain that two medications are used

Which of the following is NOT associated with a Clostridium species?

What roles do hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide play in the metabolism of methanogens?

Anoxygenic phototrophs grow photosynthetically only under aerobic conditions.

The earliest oxygenic phototrophs are thought to be

Which of the following about Mycoplasma is FALSE?

Cyanobacteria

Heterocysts

The methanogens

A student complains that it makes no sense to worry about coliform bacteria in water, since we naturally have harmless coliforms in our intestines anyway. Is the student correct?

Please select the definition that is INCORRECT.

Agrobacterium species

Wolbachia are found only in

Approximately 99% of the microbes in the intestines are obligate anaerobes. We have plenty of blood vessels that can bring oxygen to the tissues of the intestines. Why would there be obligate anaerobes within these areas?

It has been estimated that 99% of intestinal bacteria are

Sphaerotilus and Leptothrix are examples of

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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