Question 1

__________ is to predicting spontaneous behavior as __________ is to predicting deliberative behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Attitude accessibility; intention 
B)  Affect; cognition 
C)  Dissonance reduction; self-perception 
D)  Utility; social identity 
A)  Attitude accessibility; intention 
B)  Affect; cognition 
C)  Dissonance reduction; self-perception 
D)  Utility; social identity

Question 2

Why are highly accessible attitudes more likely to predict spontaneous behaviors than are less accessible attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are more likely to be thinking of accessible attitudes when they are called on to act. 
B)  Emotion-based attitudes are both more accessible and more likely to influence behaviors. 
C)  People with accessible attitudes are more likely to be influenced by arbitrary aspects of the situation. 
D)  Actually, attitude accessibility does not influence the link between attitudes and behaviors. 
A)  People are more likely to be thinking of accessible attitudes when they are called on to act. 
B)  Emotion-based attitudes are both more accessible and more likely to influence behaviors. 
C)  People with accessible attitudes are more likely to be influenced by arbitrary aspects of the situation. 
D)  Actually, attitude accessibility does not influence the link between attitudes and behaviors.

Question 3

__________ theory posits that when people feel their freedom threatened, they will work to restore it by performing the threatened behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive dissonance 
B)  Attitude inoculation 
C)  Reactance 
D)  Heuristic processing 
A)  Cognitive dissonance 
B)  Attitude inoculation 
C)  Reactance 
D)  Heuristic processing

Question 4

Tyler nods his head quite often during a speech from a politician. Based on the information from your text about confidence and persuasion, Tyler would be most likely to be most persuaded by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a weak argument 
B)  a strong argument 
C)  an emotional appeal 
D)  peripheral cues 
A)  a weak argument 
B)  a strong argument 
C)  an emotional appeal 
D)  peripheral cues

Question 5

According to the text, which of the following pairs of individuals will most likely share the same attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nanette and Janette, identical twins 
B)  Steffan and Hugo, fraternal twins 
C)  Brayden and his brother Diego 
D)  Ronan and his father Marco 
A)  Nanette and Janette, identical twins 
B)  Steffan and Hugo, fraternal twins 
C)  Brayden and his brother Diego 
D)  Ronan and his father Marco

Question 6

Donald didn't attend carefully to the substance of the persuasive communication, but instead paid attention to some irrelevant cues. He's using the __________ route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral 
B)  systematic 
C)  central 
D)  indirect 
A)  peripheral 
B)  systematic 
C)  central 
D)  indirect

Question 7

Research by Leventhal and his colleagues (1967) was described in the text. In the experiment, the researchers showed one group of smokers a film depicting the ravages of lung cancer, gave another group of smokers a pamphlet with instructions on how to quit smoking, and exposed a third group to both the film and the pamphlets. People in the last group reduced their smoking significantly more than people in the other two groups because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fear was aroused and they were provided a means to reduce that fear 
B)  they were relatively light smokers 
C)  the combination increased their confidence in their ability to quit 
D)  prior to the study, they reported more failed attempts to quit 
A)  fear was aroused and they were provided a means to reduce that fear 
B)  they were relatively light smokers 
C)  the combination increased their confidence in their ability to quit 
D)  prior to the study, they reported more failed attempts to quit

Question 8

A meta-analysis of studies to test the effects of media messages about substance use among adolescents showed __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  that adolescents are not responsive to media messages 
B)  that adolescents decreased their use of specific substances targeted in the media messages 
C)  that substance use is better targeted through print media than TV or radio 
D)  increases in the use of substances because they were brought to the awareness of adolescents 
A)  that adolescents are not responsive to media messages 
B)  that adolescents decreased their use of specific substances targeted in the media messages 
C)  that substance use is better targeted through print media than TV or radio 
D)  increases in the use of substances because they were brought to the awareness of adolescents

Question 9

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's __________, they do not show that such stimuli affect __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior; personally relevant attitudes 
B)  attitudes about products; purchasing patterns against people's wishes 
C)  purchasing patterns; beliefs about products 
D)  emotions about unfamiliar stimuli; behavior against people's wishes 
A)  behavior; personally relevant attitudes 
B)  attitudes about products; purchasing patterns against people's wishes 
C)  purchasing patterns; beliefs about products 
D)  emotions about unfamiliar stimuli; behavior against people's wishes

Question 10

Fear-arousing persuasive messages are targeted to the __________ component of attitudes.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral 
B)  cognitive 
C)  central 
D)  affective 
A)  peripheral 
B)  cognitive 
C)  central 
D)  affective

Question 11

Which of the following is most closely related to the notion of behaviorally based attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-persuasion theory 
B)  Self-perception theory 
C)  The Yale Attitude Change approach 
D)  The elaboration likelihood model 
A)  Self-persuasion theory 
B)  Self-perception theory 
C)  The Yale Attitude Change approach 
D)  The elaboration likelihood model

Question 12

According to the authors of your text, what originally spurred the development of advertising for cigarettes and other products?

Accepted Answer

A)  The development of the ability to mass-produce products 
B)  The development of new forms of media 
C)  The growing desire of the public for information about the product 
D)  The development of the entertainment industry 
A)  The development of the ability to mass-produce products 
B)  The development of new forms of media 
C)  The growing desire of the public for information about the product 
D)  The development of the entertainment industry

Question 13

You work for an advertising agency that has just acquired the account for a new software product. Your goal, of course, is to design a television and print campaign to persuade your audience to hold positive attitudes toward the product-and to purchase the product. What factors would you think about in designing your persuasive ads?

Accepted Answer

First, you would hope that the people vi

Question 14

Who is most likely to form a behaviorally based attitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lucinda, who tastes sushi for the first time because she is curious and hates it 
B)  Carmen, who goes clogging with her friends because they insist on her accompanying them 
C)  Jeremiah, who finds himself spending hours on the Internet for no good reason 
D)  Paco, who goes to the gym five days a week because the doctor ordered him to lose weight and exercise 
A)  Lucinda, who tastes sushi for the first time because she is curious and hates it 
B)  Carmen, who goes clogging with her friends because they insist on her accompanying them 
C)  Jeremiah, who finds himself spending hours on the Internet for no good reason 
D)  Paco, who goes to the gym five days a week because the doctor ordered him to lose weight and exercise

Question 15

If you are constructing an ad, a basic principle to remember is that you must __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  always construct your arguments carefully 
B)  appeal only to viewers high in the need for cognition 
C)  distract your audience because no one pays attention to arguments anyway 
D)  try to ensure that your audience will pay attention to your ad 
A)  always construct your arguments carefully 
B)  appeal only to viewers high in the need for cognition 
C)  distract your audience because no one pays attention to arguments anyway 
D)  try to ensure that your audience will pay attention to your ad

Question 16

You're convinced that if your self-esteem were only higher, you would achieve more in your work and be happier in your life. Should you purchase an audiotape containing subliminal messages to raise your self-esteem? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Although subliminal visual images can af

Question 17

According to the authors of your text, advertisers who market such products as deodorants, mouthwashes, and room deodorizers succeed because they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  convince consumers that their products are relevant to them 
B)  use attractive spokespeople 
C)  use fear appeals to activate consumers' subjective norms 
D)  use logical appeals to target consumers' health concerns 
A)  convince consumers that their products are relevant to them 
B)  use attractive spokespeople 
C)  use fear appeals to activate consumers' subjective norms 
D)  use logical appeals to target consumers' health concerns

Question 18

When Myra looks at the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for the first time and sees the gorgeous art, she is awestruck, and even moved to tears by the beauty of it. Her affectively based attitude is a result of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  her system of beliefs 
B)  her values as a pagan 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  a sensory reaction 
A)  her system of beliefs 
B)  her values as a pagan 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  a sensory reaction

Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I like my toaster because you can toast four pieces of bread at one time" reflects a behaviorally based attitude. 
B)  "I hate all politicians because they represent pure evil" represents a cognitively based attitude. 
C)  "I guess I like junk food, because I'm always eating it" represents a behaviorally based attitude. 
D)  "I'd like to get rid of this car because it's always in the shop" represents an affectively based attitude. 
A)  "I like my toaster because you can toast four pieces of bread at one time" reflects a behaviorally based attitude. 
B)  "I hate all politicians because they represent pure evil" represents a cognitively based attitude. 
C)  "I guess I like junk food, because I'm always eating it" represents a behaviorally based attitude. 
D)  "I'd like to get rid of this car because it's always in the shop" represents an affectively based attitude.

Question 20

An attitude can exist at two levels: implicit and explicit. Define an attitude at each level and explain the distinctions between the two.

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes are conscious, and ca

is to predicting spontaneous behavior as is to predicting deliberative behavior.

Why are highly accessible attitudes more likely to predict spontaneous behaviors than are less accessible attitudes?

__________ theory posits that when people feel their freedom threatened, they will work to restore it by performing the threatened behavior.

Tyler nods his head quite often during a speech from a politician. Based on the information from your text about confidence and persuasion, Tyler would be most likely to be most persuaded by __________.

According to the text, which of the following pairs of individuals will most likely share the same attitudes?

Donald didn't attend carefully to the substance of the persuasive communication, but instead paid attention to some irrelevant cues. He's using the __________ route to persuasion.

A meta-analysis of studies to test the effects of media messages about substance use among adolescents showed __________.

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's , they do not show that such stimuli affect .

Fear-arousing persuasive messages are targeted to the __________ component of attitudes.

Which of the following is most closely related to the notion of behaviorally based attitudes?

According to the authors of your text, what originally spurred the development of advertising for cigarettes and other products?

Who is most likely to form a behaviorally based attitude?

If you are constructing an ad, a basic principle to remember is that you must __________.

You're convinced that if your self-esteem were only higher, you would achieve more in your work and be happier in your life. Should you purchase an audiotape containing subliminal messages to raise your self-esteem? Why or why not?

According to the authors of your text, advertisers who market such products as deodorants, mouthwashes, and room deodorizers succeed because they __________.

When Myra looks at the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for the first time and sees the gorgeous art, she is awestruck, and even moved to tears by the beauty of it. Her affectively based attitude is a result of __________.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

An attitude can exist at two levels: implicit and explicit. Define an attitude at each level and explain the distinctions between the two.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

__________ is to predicting spontaneous behavior as __________ is to predicting deliberative behavior.

Why are highly accessible attitudes more likely to predict spontaneous behaviors than are less accessible attitudes?

__________ theory posits that when people feel their freedom threatened, they will work to restore it by performing the threatened behavior.

Tyler nods his head quite often during a speech from a politician. Based on the information from your text about confidence and persuasion, Tyler would be most likely to be most persuaded by __________.

According to the text, which of the following pairs of individuals will most likely share the same attitudes?

Donald didn't attend carefully to the substance of the persuasive communication, but instead paid attention to some irrelevant cues. He's using the __________ route to persuasion.

A meta-analysis of studies to test the effects of media messages about substance use among adolescents showed __________.

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's __________, they do not show that such stimuli affect __________.

Fear-arousing persuasive messages are targeted to the __________ component of attitudes.

Which of the following is most closely related to the notion of behaviorally based attitudes?

According to the authors of your text, what originally spurred the development of advertising for cigarettes and other products?

Who is most likely to form a behaviorally based attitude?

If you are constructing an ad, a basic principle to remember is that you must __________.

You're convinced that if your self-esteem were only higher, you would achieve more in your work and be happier in your life. Should you purchase an audiotape containing subliminal messages to raise your self-esteem? Why or why not?

According to the authors of your text, advertisers who market such products as deodorants, mouthwashes, and room deodorizers succeed because they __________.

When Myra looks at the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for the first time and sees the gorgeous art, she is awestruck, and even moved to tears by the beauty of it. Her affectively based attitude is a result of __________.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

An attitude can exist at two levels: implicit and explicit. Define an attitude at each level and explain the distinctions between the two.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Cognitive Dissonance and the Need to Protect Our Self-Esteem

Conformity and Obedience: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes, Consequences, and Cures

Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

is to predicting spontaneous behavior as is to predicting deliberative behavior.

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's , they do not show that such stimuli affect .