Question 1

How is Duchenne's muscular dystrophy inherited?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autosomal recessive gene 
B)  X-linked recessive gene 
C)  Autosomal dominant gene 
D)  Codominant gene 
A)  Autosomal recessive gene 
B)  X-linked recessive gene 
C)  Autosomal dominant gene 
D)  Codominant gene B

Question 2

What is a sign of a dislocation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crepitus 
B)  Pain and tenderness 
C)  Increased range of motion at a joint 
D)  Deformity at a joint 
A)  Crepitus 
B)  Pain and tenderness 
C)  Increased range of motion at a joint 
D)  Deformity at a joint D

Question 3

When a fracture is healing, the procallus or fibrocartilaginous callus:

Accepted Answer

A)  can bear weight. 
B)  serves as a splint across the fracture site. 
C)  is the tissue that lays down new cartilage. 
D)  is made up of new bone. 
A)  can bear weight. 
B)  serves as a splint across the fracture site. 
C)  is the tissue that lays down new cartilage. 
D)  is made up of new bone. B

Question 4

During the fracture healing process, the hematoma:

Accepted Answer

A)  is broken down and absorbed immediately. 
B)  provides the base for bone cells to produce new bone. 
C)  is the structure into which granulation tissue grows. 
D)  produces fibroblasts to lay down new cartilage. 
A)  is broken down and absorbed immediately. 
B)  provides the base for bone cells to produce new bone. 
C)  is the structure into which granulation tissue grows. 
D)  produces fibroblasts to lay down new cartilage.

Question 5

What is the chemical transmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Norepinephrine 
B)  GABA 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Acetylcholine 
A)  Norepinephrine 
B)  GABA 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Acetylcholine

Question 6

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) differs from the adult form in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  only small joints are affected. 
B)  rheumatoid factor is not present in JRA, but systemic effects are more severe. 
C)  onset is more insidious in JRA. 
D)  deformity and loss of function occur in most children with JRA. 
A)  only small joints are affected. 
B)  rheumatoid factor is not present in JRA, but systemic effects are more severe. 
C)  onset is more insidious in JRA. 
D)  deformity and loss of function occur in most children with JRA.

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of osteoarthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation and fibrosis develop at the joints. 
B)  Degeneration of articulating cartilage occurs in the large joints. 
C)  It progresses bilaterally through the small joints. 
D)  There are no changes in the bone at the affected joints. 
A)  Inflammation and fibrosis develop at the joints. 
B)  Degeneration of articulating cartilage occurs in the large joints. 
C)  It progresses bilaterally through the small joints. 
D)  There are no changes in the bone at the affected joints.

Question 8

The type of compound fracture in which there are multiple fracture lines and bone fragments is referred to as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  compression fracture. 
B)  greenstick fracture. 
C)  simple fracture. 
D)  comminuted fracture. 
A)  compression fracture. 
B)  greenstick fracture. 
C)  simple fracture. 
D)  comminuted fracture.

Question 9

What is a typical characteristic of the pain caused by osteoarthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases over time 
B)  Quite severe in the early stages 
C)  Aggravated by general muscle aching 
D)  Increased with weight-bearing and activity 
A)  Decreases over time 
B)  Quite severe in the early stages 
C)  Aggravated by general muscle aching 
D)  Increased with weight-bearing and activity

Question 10

Ewing's sarcoma metastasizes at an early stage to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain. 
B)  liver. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  other bones. 
A)  brain. 
B)  liver. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  other bones.

Question 11

Which of the following cells produce new bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteocytes 
B)  Osteoblasts 
C)  Osteoclasts 
D)  Stem cells from the bone marrow 
A)  Osteocytes 
B)  Osteoblasts 
C)  Osteoclasts 
D)  Stem cells from the bone marrow

Question 12

Rickets results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts. 
B)  a deficit of vitamin D and phosphates. 
C)  replacement of bone by fibrous tissue. 
D)  hyperparathyroidism. 
A)  excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts. 
B)  a deficit of vitamin D and phosphates. 
C)  replacement of bone by fibrous tissue. 
D)  hyperparathyroidism.

Question 13

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vascular and nonvascular 
B)  Spongy and calcified 
C)  Compact and cancellous 
D)  Dense and pliable 
A)  Vascular and nonvascular 
B)  Spongy and calcified 
C)  Compact and cancellous 
D)  Dense and pliable

Question 14

Ankylosis and deformity develop in rheumatoid arthritis because:

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle hypertrophies. 
B)  fibrosis occurs in the joint. 
C)  replacement cartilage changes alignment. 
D)  ligaments and tendons shorten. 
A)  skeletal muscle hypertrophies. 
B)  fibrosis occurs in the joint. 
C)  replacement cartilage changes alignment. 
D)  ligaments and tendons shorten.

Question 15

Immovable joints are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  amphiarthroses. 
B)  synarthroses. 
C)  diarthroses. 
D)  synovial joints. 
A)  amphiarthroses. 
B)  synarthroses. 
C)  diarthroses. 
D)  synovial joints.

Question 16

A dislocation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the tearing of a tendon in the joint. 
B)  the separation of bones in the joint with a loss of contact. 
C)  the twisting of a joint, causing excessive inflammation of the surrounding tissue. 
D)  the overstressing of ligaments, causing loss of elasticity. 
A)  the tearing of a tendon in the joint. 
B)  the separation of bones in the joint with a loss of contact. 
C)  the twisting of a joint, causing excessive inflammation of the surrounding tissue. 
D)  the overstressing of ligaments, causing loss of elasticity.

Question 17

What limits joint movement in osteoarthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The osteophytes and irregular cartilage surface 
B)  The wider joint space 
C)  Decreased amount of synovial fluid in the cavity 
D)  Fibrosis involving the joint capsule and ligaments 
A)  The osteophytes and irregular cartilage surface 
B)  The wider joint space 
C)  Decreased amount of synovial fluid in the cavity 
D)  Fibrosis involving the joint capsule and ligaments

Question 18

What is the likely immediate result of fat emboli from a broken femur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Additional ischemia in the broken bone 
B)  Nonunion or malunion of the fracture 
C)  Pulmonary inflammation and obstruction 
D)  Abscess and infection at a distant site 
A)  Additional ischemia in the broken bone 
B)  Nonunion or malunion of the fracture 
C)  Pulmonary inflammation and obstruction 
D)  Abscess and infection at a distant site

Question 19

How is the articular cartilage damaged in rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymatic destruction by the pannus 
B)  Inflamed synovial membrane covers the cartilage 
C)  Fibrous tissue connects the ends of the bones 
D)  Blood supply to the cartilage is lost 
A)  Enzymatic destruction by the pannus 
B)  Inflamed synovial membrane covers the cartilage 
C)  Fibrous tissue connects the ends of the bones 
D)  Blood supply to the cartilage is lost

Question 20

Systemic effects of rheumatoid arthritis are manifested as:

Accepted Answer

A)  nodules in various tissues, severe fatigue, and anorexia. 
B)  headache, leukopenia, and high fever. 
C)  swelling and dysfunction in many organs. 
D)  progressive damage to a joint. 
A)  nodules in various tissues, severe fatigue, and anorexia. 
B)  headache, leukopenia, and high fever. 
C)  swelling and dysfunction in many organs. 
D)  progressive damage to a joint.

Exam 9: Musculoskeletal Disorders

How is Duchenne's muscular dystrophy inherited?

What is a sign of a dislocation?

When a fracture is healing, the procallus or fibrocartilaginous callus:

During the fracture healing process, the hematoma:

What is the chemical transmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) differs from the adult form in that:

Which of the following is characteristic of osteoarthritis?

The type of compound fracture in which there are multiple fracture lines and bone fragments is referred to as a/an:

What is a typical characteristic of the pain caused by osteoarthritis?

Ewing's sarcoma metastasizes at an early stage to the:

Which of the following cells produce new bone?

Rickets results from:

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Ankylosis and deformity develop in rheumatoid arthritis because:

Immovable joints are called:

A dislocation is:

What limits joint movement in osteoarthritis?

What is the likely immediate result of fat emboli from a broken femur?

How is the articular cartilage damaged in rheumatoid arthritis?

Systemic effects of rheumatoid arthritis are manifested as:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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