Question 1

Following a positive HIV antibodies blood test and ELISA test, what is the test commonly used for confirmation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination 
B)  Double immunodiffusion test 
C)  Western blot test 
D)  Sedimentation rate test 
A)  Agglutination 
B)  Double immunodiffusion test 
C)  Western blot test 
D)  Sedimentation rate test C

Question 2

Which cells are required to process and present antigens from foreign material as the initial step in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  T-helper cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  Eosinophils 
D)  Monocytes 
A)  T-helper cells 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  Eosinophils 
D)  Monocytes B

Question 3

Which of the following causes anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A severe, systemic allergic reaction 
B)  Type III hypersensitivity 
C)  Cell-mediated hypersensitivity 
D)  Immune complex deposits in many tissues 
A)  A severe, systemic allergic reaction 
B)  Type III hypersensitivity 
C)  Cell-mediated hypersensitivity 
D)  Immune complex deposits in many tissues A

Question 4

An autoimmune disease is:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive formation of antibodies following exposure to foreign material. 
B)  an extreme response to normally harmless material in the environment. 
C)  an abnormal response to ingested food and drugs. 
D)  failure of the immune system to distinguish self from nonself. 
A)  excessive formation of antibodies following exposure to foreign material. 
B)  an extreme response to normally harmless material in the environment. 
C)  an abnormal response to ingested food and drugs. 
D)  failure of the immune system to distinguish self from nonself.

Question 5

Which of the following statements applies to the complement system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is activated by IgE. 
B)  It blocks the inflammatory response. 
C)  It consists of proteins in the blood that must be activated. 
D)  It may destroy antibodies in the circulation. 
A)  It is activated by IgE. 
B)  It blocks the inflammatory response. 
C)  It consists of proteins in the blood that must be activated. 
D)  It may destroy antibodies in the circulation.

Question 6

Which of the following are the target cells for HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  Helper T lymphocytes (CD4 lymphocytes) 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  Macrophages 
A)  Helper T lymphocytes (CD4 lymphocytes) 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  Macrophages

Question 7

Which type of immunity is provided by a vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active natural 
B)  Active artificial 
C)  Passive natural 
D)  Passive artificial 
A)  Active natural 
B)  Active artificial 
C)  Passive natural 
D)  Passive artificial

Question 8

Which statement applies to contact dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs when IgE antibodies on the skin react with the causative substance. 
B)  It may result from ingested foods. 
C)  Urticaria (hives) gradually spread over the body. 
D)  A type IV reaction occurs in affected areas. 
A)  It occurs when IgE antibodies on the skin react with the causative substance. 
B)  It may result from ingested foods. 
C)  Urticaria (hives) gradually spread over the body. 
D)  A type IV reaction occurs in affected areas.

Question 9

Serious infections frequently occurring in patients with AIDS include:
1) tuberculosis.
2) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
3) influenza.
4) tetanus.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 3, 4

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a cause of immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoplasia of the thymus 
B)  Delayed hypersensitivity 
C)  Immunosuppressive drugs 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes 
A)  Hypoplasia of the thymus 
B)  Delayed hypersensitivity 
C)  Immunosuppressive drugs 
D)  Atrophy of the lymph nodes

Question 11

Immunodeficiencies may result in an increased risk of infections by normally harmless microorganisms. These infections are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  opportunistic. 
B)  prophylactic. 
C)  abnormal. 
D)  transient. 
A)  opportunistic. 
B)  prophylactic. 
C)  abnormal. 
D)  transient.

Question 12

HIV infection impairs:

Accepted Answer

A)  humoral immunity. 
B)  cell-mediated immunity. 
C)  both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. 
D)  neither type of immunity. 
A)  humoral immunity. 
B)  cell-mediated immunity. 
C)  both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. 
D)  neither type of immunity.

Question 13

Which of the following is an effect of cytokines? They:

Accepted Answer

A)  activate and stimulate proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. 
B)  destroy antigens quickly. 
C)  increase the rate of mitosis in tumors. 
D)  cause immediate pain. 
A)  activate and stimulate proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. 
B)  destroy antigens quickly. 
C)  increase the rate of mitosis in tumors. 
D)  cause immediate pain.

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics apply to HIV?
1) It contains two strands of DNA.
2) It tends to mutate frequently to form new strains.
3) The incubation period is extremely short.
4) It is inactivated by heat and many disinfectants.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 4 
D) 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 4 
D) 3, 4

Question 15

Which of the following complications does NOT occur frequently in AIDS patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
B)  Wasting syndrome 
C)  Lymphoma 
D)  Polyarthritis 
A)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
B)  Wasting syndrome 
C)  Lymphoma 
D)  Polyarthritis

Question 16

What does seroconversion mean in relation to HIV and AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  The virus has been identified in the blood and body fluids. 
B)  Antibodies for HIV have been identified in the blood. 
C)  HIV was found in lymphocytes. 
D)  Active infection has developed in the patient. 
A)  The virus has been identified in the blood and body fluids. 
B)  Antibodies for HIV have been identified in the blood. 
C)  HIV was found in lymphocytes. 
D)  Active infection has developed in the patient.

Question 17

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants born to HIV-infected mothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants usually test negative for HIV after birth. 
B)  There is little risk of infected mothers passing the virus to their infants during delivery. 
C)  Breast milk does not contain HIV or antibodies. 
D)  Infants test positive for HIV because of the presence of maternal antibodies. 
A)  Infants usually test negative for HIV after birth. 
B)  There is little risk of infected mothers passing the virus to their infants during delivery. 
C)  Breast milk does not contain HIV or antibodies. 
D)  Infants test positive for HIV because of the presence of maternal antibodies.

Question 18

A diagnosis of HIV positive means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of T lymphocytes in the circulating blood is decreased. 
B)  significant opportunistic infection is present in the body. 
C)  the individual has AIDS. 
D)  the virus and its antibodies are present in the blood. 
A)  the number of T lymphocytes in the circulating blood is decreased. 
B)  significant opportunistic infection is present in the body. 
C)  the individual has AIDS. 
D)  the virus and its antibodies are present in the blood.

Question 19

Neutrophils:

Accepted Answer

A)  are phagocytic cells. 
B)  produce histamine. 
C)  produce antibodies. 
D)  are elevated during an allergic response. 
A)  are phagocytic cells. 
B)  produce histamine. 
C)  produce antibodies. 
D)  are elevated during an allergic response.

Question 20

A secondary immune response differs from the primary immune response in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is more rapid than the primary response and results in higher antibody levels. 
B)  it is slower than the primary response and doesn't change the antibody levels. 
C)  it occurs at the same time as the primary response but results in a decrease in antibodies. 
D)  it only occurs in hyperallergic reactions and results in a decrease of antibodies. 
A)  it is more rapid than the primary response and results in higher antibody levels. 
B)  it is slower than the primary response and doesn't change the antibody levels. 
C)  it occurs at the same time as the primary response but results in a decrease in antibodies. 
D)  it only occurs in hyperallergic reactions and results in a decrease of antibodies.

Exam 7: Immunity

Following a positive HIV antibodies blood test and ELISA test, what is the test commonly used for confirmation?

Which cells are required to process and present antigens from foreign material as the initial step in the immune response?

Which of the following causes anaphylaxis?

An autoimmune disease is:

Which of the following statements applies to the complement system?

Which of the following are the target cells for HIV?

Which type of immunity is provided by a vaccination?

Which statement applies to contact dermatitis?

Serious infections frequently occurring in patients with AIDS include: 1) tuberculosis. 2) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 3) influenza. 4) tetanus.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of immunodeficiency?

Immunodeficiencies may result in an increased risk of infections by normally harmless microorganisms. These infections are referred to as:

HIV infection impairs:

Which of the following is an effect of cytokines? They:

Which of the following characteristics apply to HIV? 1) It contains two strands of DNA. 2) It tends to mutate frequently to form new strains. 3) The incubation period is extremely short. 4) It is inactivated by heat and many disinfectants.

Which of the following complications does NOT occur frequently in AIDS patients?

What does seroconversion mean in relation to HIV and AIDS?

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants born to HIV-infected mothers?

A diagnosis of HIV positive means that:

Neutrophils:

A secondary immune response differs from the primary immune response in that:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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